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black knapweed, centaurée noire, common knapweed, hardheads, lesser knapweed

Habit Perennials, 30–150 cm.
Stems

1–few, erect or ascending, openly branched distally, villous to scabrous with septate hairs and loosely tomentose, ± glabrate.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate or elliptic, 5–25 cm, margins entire or shallowly dentate to irregularly pinnately lobed;

distal cauline sessile, not decurrent, gradually smaller, blades linear to lanceolate, entire or dentate.

Involucres

ovoid to campanulate or hemispheric, 15–18 mm, usually ± as wide as high.

Florets

40–100+, all fertile;

corollas purple (rarely white), 15–18 mm.

Inner phyllaries

tips truncate, irregularly dentate or lobed.

Heads

discoid, in few-headed corymbiform arrays, borne on leafy-bracted peduncles.

Cypselae

tan, 2.5–3 mm, finely hairy;

pappi of many blackish, unequal, sometimes deciduous bristles 0.5–1 mm.

Principal

phyllaries: bodies lanceolate to ovate, loosely tomentose or glabrous, bases usually ± concealed by expanded appendages, appendages erect, overlapping, dark brown to black, flat, margins pectinately dissected into numerous wiry lobes.

2n

= 22, 44.

Centaurea nigra

Phenology Flowering summer–fall (Jun–Oct).
Habitat Roadsides, fields, clearings, waste areas
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Black knapweed is listed as a noxious weed in Colorado and Washington.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 187.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Centaurea
Sibling taxa
C. benedicta, C. calcitrapa, C. cyanus, C. depressa, C. diffusa, C. diluta, C. iberica, C. jacea, C. macrocephala, C. melitensis, C. montana, C. nigrescens, C. phrygia, C. scabiosa, C. solstitialis, C. stoebe, C. sulphurea, C. virgata, C. ×moncktonii
Synonyms C. jacea subsp. nigra, C. nemoralis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 911. (1753)
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