Centaurea nigra |
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black knapweed, centaurée noire, common knapweed, hardheads, lesser knapweed |
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Habit | Perennials, 30–150 cm. |
Stems | 1–few, erect or ascending, openly branched distally, villous to scabrous with septate hairs and loosely tomentose, ± glabrate. |
Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate or elliptic, 5–25 cm, margins entire or shallowly dentate to irregularly pinnately lobed; distal cauline sessile, not decurrent, gradually smaller, blades linear to lanceolate, entire or dentate. |
Involucres | ovoid to campanulate or hemispheric, 15–18 mm, usually ± as wide as high. |
Florets | 40–100+, all fertile; corollas purple (rarely white), 15–18 mm. |
Inner phyllaries | tips truncate, irregularly dentate or lobed. |
Heads | discoid, in few-headed corymbiform arrays, borne on leafy-bracted peduncles. |
Cypselae | tan, 2.5–3 mm, finely hairy; pappi of many blackish, unequal, sometimes deciduous bristles 0.5–1 mm. |
Principal | phyllaries: bodies lanceolate to ovate, loosely tomentose or glabrous, bases usually ± concealed by expanded appendages, appendages erect, overlapping, dark brown to black, flat, margins pectinately dissected into numerous wiry lobes. |
2n | = 22, 44. |
Centaurea nigra |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall (Jun–Oct). |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, clearings, waste areas |
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Black knapweed is listed as a noxious weed in Colorado and Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 187. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Centaurea |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | C. jacea subsp. nigra, C. nemoralis |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 911. (1753) |
Web links |
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