Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea sulphurea |
|
---|---|---|
croix de malte, Maltese knapweed, Maltese star thistle or centaury, Maltese star-thistle, Napa thistle, tocalote |
Sicilian star-thistle, sulphur knapweed, sulphur-color Sicilian thistle |
|
Habit | Annuals, 10–100 cm, herbage loosely gray-tomentose and villous with jointed multicellular hairs, sometimes minutely scabrous, minutely resin-gland-dotted. | Annuals, 10–100 cm. |
Stems | 1–few, few–many branched distally. |
simple to openly branched, branches ascending, villous to hispid with septate hairs and loosely tomentose. |
Leaves | basal and proximal cauline petiolate or tapering to base, usually absent at anthesis, blades oblong to oblanceolate, 2–15 cm, margins entire to dentate or pinnately lobed; cauline long-decurrent, blades linear to oblong or oblanceolate, 1–5 cm, entire or dentate. |
± villous to hispid with septate hairs, minutely resin-gland- dotted; basal winged-petiolate, blades oblong to oblanceolate, 10–15 cm, margins pinnately lobed, lobes acute, finely dentate; cauline sessile, long-decurrent with narrow wings, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, 1–6 cm, entire or distally serrate with short, spine-tipped teeth. |
Involucres | ovoid, 10–15 mm, loosely cobwebby-tomentose or becoming glabrous. |
ovoid, 12–30 mm, distally constricted. |
Florets | many; corollas yellow, those of sterile florets 10–12 mm, slender, inconspicuous, those of fertile florets 10–12 mm. |
many; corollas yellow, all ± equal, 25–35 mm; corollas of sterile florets slender, inconspicuous. |
Inner phyllaries | appendages entire, acute or spine-tipped. |
appendages acute or spine-tipped. |
Heads | disciform, 1–few at branch tips, borne singly or in open leafy corymbiform arrays, sometimes clustered in distal axils, sessile or pedunculate. |
disciform, borne singly or in open, few-headed corymbiform arrays, long-pedunculate. |
Cypselae | dull white or light brown, ca. 2.5 mm, finely hairy; pappi of many white, unequal, stiff bristles 2.5–3 mm. |
dark brown, 5–8 mm, glabrous; pappi of many, brown to blackish, unequal bristles 6–7 mm. |
Principal | phyllaries: bodies ± stramineous, ovate, appendages purplish, spiny-fringed at base, each tipped by slender spine 5–10 mm. |
phyllaries: bodies greenish or stramineous, ovate to elliptic, glabrous, appendages spreading to reflexed, brown to blackish purple, each with palmately radiating cluster of spines, central spine stout, 1–2.5 cm, base dark brown to black, distally stramineous. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea sulphurea |
|
Phenology | Flowering mostly spring–summer (Apr–Jul). | Flowering spring–summer (May–Jul). |
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, pine-oak woodlands, chaparral, agricultural areas | Disturbed sites, grasslands, woodlands, pastures, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; GA; ID; IL; MA; MO; MS; NJ; NM; NV; OR; PA; TX; UT; WA; WI; BC; Mexico (Baja California); Europe; Asia; Africa [Widely introduced]
|
CA; sw Europe |
Discussion | Centaurea melitensis is native to the Mediterranean region. It is listed as a noxious weed in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Centaurea sulphurea is considered to be a noxious weed by the state of California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 193. | FNA vol. 19, p. 194. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Centaurea | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Centaurea |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 917. (1753) | Willdenow: Enum. Pl., 930. (1809) |
Web links |
|