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croix de malte, Maltese knapweed, Maltese star thistle or centaury, Maltese star-thistle, Napa thistle, tocalote

Habit Annuals, 10–100 cm, herbage loosely gray-tomentose and villous with jointed multicellular hairs, sometimes minutely scabrous, minutely resin-gland-dotted.
Stems

1–few, few–many branched distally.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline petiolate or tapering to base, usually absent at anthesis, blades oblong to oblanceolate, 2–15 cm, margins entire to dentate or pinnately lobed;

cauline long-decurrent, blades linear to oblong or oblanceolate, 1–5 cm, entire or dentate.

Involucres

ovoid, 10–15 mm, loosely cobwebby-tomentose or becoming glabrous.

Florets

many;

corollas yellow, those of sterile florets 10–12 mm, slender, inconspicuous, those of fertile florets 10–12 mm.

Inner phyllaries

appendages entire, acute or spine-tipped.

Heads

disciform, 1–few at branch tips, borne singly or in open leafy corymbiform arrays, sometimes clustered in distal axils, sessile or pedunculate.

Cypselae

dull white or light brown, ca. 2.5 mm, finely hairy;

pappi of many white, unequal, stiff bristles 2.5–3 mm.

Principal

phyllaries: bodies ± stramineous, ovate, appendages purplish, spiny-fringed at base, each tipped by slender spine 5–10 mm.

2n

= 24.

Centaurea melitensis

Phenology Flowering mostly spring–summer (Apr–Jul).
Habitat Roadsides, fields, pine-oak woodlands, chaparral, agricultural areas
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; GA; ID; IL; MA; MO; MS; NJ; NM; NV; OR; PA; TX; UT; WA; WI; BC; Mexico (Baja California); Europe; Asia; Africa [Widely introduced]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Centaurea melitensis is native to the Mediterranean region. It is listed as a noxious weed in New Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 193.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Centaurea
Sibling taxa
C. benedicta, C. calcitrapa, C. cyanus, C. depressa, C. diffusa, C. diluta, C. iberica, C. jacea, C. macrocephala, C. montana, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. phrygia, C. scabiosa, C. solstitialis, C. stoebe, C. sulphurea, C. virgata, C. ×moncktonii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 917. (1753)
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