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dune sandbur, sanddune sandbur

Indian sandbur

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual.
Culms

10-70 cm, decumbent, branching and rooting at the lower nodes.

5-150 cm, erect.

Sheaths

compressed, glabrous or pubescent;

ligules 1-2.1 mm;

blades 2-14 cm long, 3-14.2 mm wide.

keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or slightly pubescent;

ligules 1.3-2 mm;

blades 2-35 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, flat, glabrous or scabrous (sparsely pilose).

Panicles

2-8.2 cm;

fascicles 9-16 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, imbricate, ovoid, densely pubescent;

bristles 15-43;

outer bristles usually present, flattened or terete;

inner bristles 4-8 mm long, 1.2-3 mm wide, fused for at least 1/2 their length, forming a distinct cupule, the distal portions diverging at irregular intervals from the cupule, stramineous or purple.

2-15 cm;

fascicles 4-11 mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide;

bristles 30-60;

outer bristles numerous, less than 1/2 as long as the inner bristles, terete;

inner bristles 2.9-7 mm long, 0.2-1.1 mm wide, flattened, with 1-3 grooves abaxially, fused only at the base, forming a shallow disk, retrorsely scabrous, inner margins long-ciliate.

Spikelets

1(2) per fascicle, 6-8.8 mm.

1-3(4) per fascicle, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.2-1.9 mm wide;

lower glumes 0.5-2.5 mm;

upper glumes 2.5-4.9 mm, 3-5-veined;

lower lemmas 3.2-5.5 mm, 4-5-veined;

upper lemmas 3.4-5.9 mm;

anthers about 1.5 mm.

Lower glumes

1-4 mm;

upper glumes 4.9-6.8 mm, 3-7-veined;

lower lemmas 5.5-7.5 mm, 3-7-veined, enclosing the palea;

upper lemmas 6-8.7 mm;

anthers 0.8-2.8 mm.

Caryopses

2.6-4 mm long, 2.2-3.1 mm wide, ovoid-elliptic.

2-3.4 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, ovoid.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Cenchrus tribuloides

Cenchrus biflorus

Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MS; NC; NJ; NY; PA; SC; VA; VT; HI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; NY
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cenchrus tribuloides grows in moist, sandy dunes and is restricted to the eastern United States. It differs from C. spinifex in its larger spikelets and smaller number of spikelets per fascicle, and from C. longispinus in its densely pubescent fascicles, fewer bristles, and wider inner bristles.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cenchrus biflorus is widely distributed from Africa to India. It was collected once in Westchester County, New York, but has not become established in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 534. FNA vol. 25, p. 535.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus
Sibling taxa
C. biflorus, C. brownii, C. echinatus, C. gracillimus, C. longispinus, C. myosuroides, C. spinifex
C. brownii, C. echinatus, C. gracillimus, C. longispinus, C. myosuroides, C. spinifex, C. tribuloides
Name authority L. Roxb.
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