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coastal sandbur, common sandbur

Indian sandbur

Habit Plants annual or perennial but short-lived; tufted. Plants annual.
Culms

30-100 cm, geniculate.

5-150 cm, erect.

Sheaths

compressed, glabrous or sparsely pilose;

ligules 0.5-1.4 mm;

blades 3-28 cm long, (1)3-7.2 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely long-pilose adaxially.

keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or slightly pubescent;

ligules 1.3-2 mm;

blades 2-35 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, flat, glabrous or scabrous (sparsely pilose).

Panicles

3-5(8.5) cm;

fascicles 5.5-10.2 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide, imbricate, ovoid to globose, glabrous or sparesely to moderately pubescent;

outer bristles, when present, mostly flattened;

inner bristles 8-40 (rarely more), 2-5.8 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, fused at least 1/2 their length, forming a distinct cupule, the distal portions usually diverging from the cupule at multiple, irregular intervals, sometimes diverging at more or less the same level, ciliate at the base, pubescent, stramineous to mauve or purple, flattened.

2-15 cm;

fascicles 4-11 mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide;

bristles 30-60;

outer bristles numerous, less than 1/2 as long as the inner bristles, terete;

inner bristles 2.9-7 mm long, 0.2-1.1 mm wide, flattened, with 1-3 grooves abaxially, fused only at the base, forming a shallow disk, retrorsely scabrous, inner margins long-ciliate.

Spikelets

2-4 per fascicle, 3.5-5.9 mm, glabrous.

1-3(4) per fascicle, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.2-1.9 mm wide;

lower glumes 0.5-2.5 mm;

upper glumes 2.5-4.9 mm, 3-5-veined;

lower lemmas 3.2-5.5 mm, 4-5-veined;

upper lemmas 3.4-5.9 mm;

anthers about 1.5 mm.

Caryopses

about 2.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, ovoid.

2-3.4 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, ovoid.

Lower

glumes 1-3.3 mm;

upper glumes (2.8)3.5-5 mm, 5-7-veined;

lower florets sometimes staminate;

lower lemmas 3-5(5.9) mm, 5-7-veined;

lower paleas sometimes reduced or absent;

anthers 1.3-1.6 mm;

upper lemmas 3.5-5(5.8) mm;

anthers 0.5-1.2 mm.

2n

= 34 (32).

= 34.

Cenchrus spinifex

Cenchrus biflorus

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; DC; FL; GA; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; NY
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cenchrus spinifex is common in sandy woods, fields, and waste places throughout the southern United States and southwards into South America. It may be more widespread than shown in the northern portion of the contiguous United States because it has often been confused with C. tribuloides. Cenchrus spinifex differs from C. tribuloides in its glabrous or less densely pubescent fascicles, narrower inner bristles, and larger number of bristles. It has also been confused with C. longispinus but differs in having shorter spikelets, fewer bristles overall, wider inner bristles, and outer bristles that are usually flattened rather than usually terete.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cenchrus biflorus is widely distributed from Africa to India. It was collected once in Westchester County, New York, but has not become established in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 533. FNA vol. 25, p. 535.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus
Sibling taxa
C. biflorus, C. brownii, C. echinatus, C. gracillimus, C. longispinus, C. myosuroides, C. tribuloides
C. brownii, C. echinatus, C. gracillimus, C. longispinus, C. myosuroides, C. spinifex, C. tribuloides
Synonyms C. pauciflorus, C. incertus, C. bambusoides
Name authority Cav. Roxb.
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