Cenchrus spinifex |
Cenchrus biflorus |
|
---|---|---|
coastal sandbur, common sandbur |
Indian sandbur |
|
Habit | Plants annual or perennial but short-lived; tufted. | Plants annual. |
Culms | 30-100 cm, geniculate. |
5-150 cm, erect. |
Sheaths | compressed, glabrous or sparsely pilose; ligules 0.5-1.4 mm; blades 3-28 cm long, (1)3-7.2 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely long-pilose adaxially. |
keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or slightly pubescent; ligules 1.3-2 mm; blades 2-35 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, flat, glabrous or scabrous (sparsely pilose). |
Panicles | 3-5(8.5) cm; fascicles 5.5-10.2 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide, imbricate, ovoid to globose, glabrous or sparesely to moderately pubescent; outer bristles, when present, mostly flattened; inner bristles 8-40 (rarely more), 2-5.8 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, fused at least 1/2 their length, forming a distinct cupule, the distal portions usually diverging from the cupule at multiple, irregular intervals, sometimes diverging at more or less the same level, ciliate at the base, pubescent, stramineous to mauve or purple, flattened. |
2-15 cm; fascicles 4-11 mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide; bristles 30-60; outer bristles numerous, less than 1/2 as long as the inner bristles, terete; inner bristles 2.9-7 mm long, 0.2-1.1 mm wide, flattened, with 1-3 grooves abaxially, fused only at the base, forming a shallow disk, retrorsely scabrous, inner margins long-ciliate. |
Spikelets | 2-4 per fascicle, 3.5-5.9 mm, glabrous. |
1-3(4) per fascicle, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.2-1.9 mm wide; lower glumes 0.5-2.5 mm; upper glumes 2.5-4.9 mm, 3-5-veined; lower lemmas 3.2-5.5 mm, 4-5-veined; upper lemmas 3.4-5.9 mm; anthers about 1.5 mm. |
Caryopses | about 2.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, ovoid. |
2-3.4 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, ovoid. |
Lower | glumes 1-3.3 mm; upper glumes (2.8)3.5-5 mm, 5-7-veined; lower florets sometimes staminate; lower lemmas 3-5(5.9) mm, 5-7-veined; lower paleas sometimes reduced or absent; anthers 1.3-1.6 mm; upper lemmas 3.5-5(5.8) mm; anthers 0.5-1.2 mm. |
|
2n | = 34 (32). |
= 34. |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Cenchrus biflorus |
|
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; DC; FL; GA; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; PR; Virgin Islands
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AL; NY |
Discussion | Cenchrus spinifex is common in sandy woods, fields, and waste places throughout the southern United States and southwards into South America. It may be more widespread than shown in the northern portion of the contiguous United States because it has often been confused with C. tribuloides. Cenchrus spinifex differs from C. tribuloides in its glabrous or less densely pubescent fascicles, narrower inner bristles, and larger number of bristles. It has also been confused with C. longispinus but differs in having shorter spikelets, fewer bristles overall, wider inner bristles, and outer bristles that are usually flattened rather than usually terete. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cenchrus biflorus is widely distributed from Africa to India. It was collected once in Westchester County, New York, but has not become established in the Flora region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 533. | FNA vol. 25, p. 535. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. pauciflorus, C. incertus, C. bambusoides | |
Name authority | Cav. | Roxb. |
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