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burgrass, common sandbur, field sandbur, konpeito-gusa, sandburr, se mbulabula, southern sandbur, vao tui tui

Indian sandbur

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual.
Culms

20-100 cm, ascending from a geniculate base.

5-150 cm, erect.

Sheaths

from shorter than to equaling the internodes, compressed;

ligules 0.7-1.7 mm;

blades 4-18(35) cm long, 2-10(14.2) mm wide, adaxial surfaces sparsely pilose, hairs papillose-based.

keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or slightly pubescent;

ligules 1.3-2 mm;

blades 2-35 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, flat, glabrous or scabrous (sparsely pilose).

Panicles

2.5-12 cm;

rachis internodes 2-4 mm;

fascicles 5-10 mm long, 3.5-6(6.3) mm wide, imbricate;

outer bristles 10-20, terete, the majority no more than 1/2 as long as the inner bristles;

inner bristles 2-5 mm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide, flattened, not grooved, mostly erect, fused for at least 1/2 their length into a globose cupule, sometimes interlocking at maturity, shortly pubescent, often purple at maturity.

2-15 cm;

fascicles 4-11 mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide;

bristles 30-60;

outer bristles numerous, less than 1/2 as long as the inner bristles, terete;

inner bristles 2.9-7 mm long, 0.2-1.1 mm wide, flattened, with 1-3 grooves abaxially, fused only at the base, forming a shallow disk, retrorsely scabrous, inner margins long-ciliate.

Spikelets

2-3(4) per fascicle, 4.8-7 mm.

1-3(4) per fascicle, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.2-1.9 mm wide;

lower glumes 0.5-2.5 mm;

upper glumes 2.5-4.9 mm, 3-5-veined;

lower lemmas 3.2-5.5 mm, 4-5-veined;

upper lemmas 3.4-5.9 mm;

anthers about 1.5 mm.

Lower glumes

1.3-3.4 mm;

upper glumes 3.8-5.7 mm, 3-7-veined;

lower lemmas 4.5-6.5 mm;

upper florets 4.7-7 mm;

anthers 0.8-2.4 mm.

Caryopses

ovoid, 1.2-3.2 mm long, 1.3-2.2 mm wide.

2-3.4 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, ovoid.

2n

= (34), 68.

= 34.

Cenchrus echinatus

Cenchrus biflorus

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; DC; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NM; OK; SC; TX; VA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; NY
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cenchrus echinatus grows in disturbed areas throughout the coastal plain and piedmont of the southern United States, Mexico, Central and South America, and, as an unwelcome introduction, elsewhere.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cenchrus biflorus is widely distributed from Africa to India. It was collected once in Westchester County, New York, but has not become established in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 531. FNA vol. 25, p. 535.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Cenchrus
Sibling taxa
C. biflorus, C. brownii, C. gracillimus, C. longispinus, C. myosuroides, C. spinifex, C. tribuloides
C. brownii, C. echinatus, C. gracillimus, C. longispinus, C. myosuroides, C. spinifex, C. tribuloides
Synonyms C. echinatus var. hillebrandianus
Name authority L. Roxb.
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