Caulanthus lemmonii |
Caulanthus flavescens |
|
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Lemmon's jewelflower, Lemmon's wild cabbage |
yellow California mustard, yellow mustard |
|
Habit | Annuals; hispid basally, subglabrate or glabrous distally. | Annuals; (not glaucous), glabrous or sparsely to moderately hirsute. |
Stems | erect or ascending, usually branched distally, 1–8 dm, sparsely hispid basally. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally, 1.7–12 dm, usually hirsute basally. |
Basal leaves | rosulate; petiole 0.3–3 cm; blade oblanceolate, 0.7–9 cm × 4–25 mm, margins coarsely dentate-sinuate. |
soon withered; blade lyrate, margins sinuate-pinnatifid. |
Cauline leaves | (median) sessile; blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 0.5–11 cm × 2–45 mm, (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins entire or denticulate. |
petiolate (median 0.3–2 cm) or (distal) sessile; blade lanceolate to oblong or oblanceolate, 2–13.5 cm × 3–35 mm (smaller distally, base sometimes subauriculate), margins dentate. |
Racemes | (densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
without a terminal cluster of sterile flowers, (considerably elongated in fruit). |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, (dark purple in bud, becoming greenish or creamy white and purplish or brown distally), ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6–17 × 2.5–3.5 mm (subequal, keeled, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent, trichomes simple); petals white (with dark purple veins), 8–20 mm, blade 4–8 × 1.5–2 mm, crisped, claw oblanceolate, 4–11 × 2–3 mm; filaments in 3 unequal pairs, (median pairs often connate), abaxial pair 3.5–11mm, lateral pair 2–7 mm, adaxial pair 5–12 mm; anthers oblong to linear-oblong, unequal, 1.5–4 mm, (adaxial pair smaller). |
sepals usually erect, rarely ascending to spreading, oblong, 6–9 × 1.5–2 mm, (not saccate or urceolate); petals (erect), usually white to creamy white, rarely pinkish, (narrowly lanceolate), 7–13 mm, blade 3–5 × 1–1.5 mm, channeled, crisped, claw linear-oblanceolate, 4–8 × 1–1.7 mm; filaments tetradynamous, (erect), median pairs 5–7 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, equal, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 3–18(–27) mm, pubescent or glabrous. |
ascending to strongly reflexed, (slender or thickened), 4.5–8 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Fruits | erect or ascending (often straight), terete or slightly latiseptate, 5–12 cm × 2.5–3.5 mm; valves each with prominent midvein basally; ovules 52–72 per ovary; style 0–4 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes 1–4 mm, opposite valves). |
erect, (straight), terete, 3.8–7.7 cm × 1.4–2 mm; valves each with obscure midvein, (glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 44–58 per ovary; style 1–3.5 mm; stigma subentire. |
Seeds | 2–3.5 × 1.7–2.2 mm. |
(brown), 1.3–1.8 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Caulanthus lemmonii |
Caulanthus flavescens |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Feb-)Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Grassland, chaparral, scrub | Serpentine grounds, roadsides, gumbo clay slopes, open hillsides, grassy fields |
Elevation | 100-1100 m (300-3600 ft) | 100-800 m (300-2600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA
|
Discussion | Of conservation concern. Both R. C. Rollins (1993) and R. E. Buck (1995) treated Caulanthus lemmonii as a variety of C. coulteri, whereas E. B. Payson (1923) treated the two as independent species. The differences between them clearly justify their separate recognition. In fact, those differences are far greater than those that distinguish the minor color form “barbarae” that both Rollins and Buck recognized as a distinct variety of C. amplexicaulis. The types of both C. coulteri and C. lemmonii are quite distinct. The slight intergradation between the two taxa, especially in occurrence of branched trichomes and lobing of cotyledons, most likely resulted from hybridization, but that needs to be verified experimentally and molecularly. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Caulanthus flavescens is distributed primarily from Monterey and San Benito counties north to Napa and San Joaquin counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 684. | FNA vol. 7, p. 681. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. coulteri var. lemmonii, Streptanthus coulteri var. lemmonii, Streptanthus parryi | Streptanthus flavescens, C. procerus, Guillenia flavescens, Guillenia hookeri, Streptanthus dudleyi, Streptanthus lilacinus, Streptanthus procerus, Thelypodium flavescens, Thelypodium greenei, Thelypodium hookeri |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 261. (1888) | (Hooker) Payson: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 301. (1923) |
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