Caulanthus lemmonii |
Caulanthus coulteri |
|
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Lemmon's jewelflower, Lemmon's wild cabbage |
Coulter's jewel-flower, Coulter's wild cabbage |
|
Habit | Annuals; hispid basally, subglabrate or glabrous distally. | Annuals; usually hispid, rarely glabrous distally, (trichomes simple, stalked, or 2-rayed forked). |
Stems | erect or ascending, usually branched distally, 1–8 dm, sparsely hispid basally. |
erect, usually branched distally, 1–16(–25) dm, sparsely hispid basally. |
Basal leaves | rosulate; petiole 0.3–3 cm; blade oblanceolate, 0.7–9 cm × 4–25 mm, margins coarsely dentate-sinuate. |
rosulate; petiole 0.3–5 cm; blade narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 0.7–12 cm × 4–25 mm, margins pinnatifid to coarsely dentate-sinuate, (surfaces pubescent, trichomes simple and 2-rayed forked). |
Cauline leaves | (median) sessile; blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 0.5–11 cm × 2–45 mm, (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins entire or denticulate. |
(median) sessile; blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1–18(–26) cm × 3–35(–45) mm (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins dentate or entire, (surfaces glabrous). |
Racemes | (densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
(densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, (dark purple in bud, becoming greenish or creamy white and purplish or brown distally), ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6–17 × 2.5–3.5 mm (subequal, keeled, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent, trichomes simple); petals white (with dark purple veins), 8–20 mm, blade 4–8 × 1.5–2 mm, crisped, claw oblanceolate, 4–11 × 2–3 mm; filaments in 3 unequal pairs, (median pairs often connate), abaxial pair 3.5–11mm, lateral pair 2–7 mm, adaxial pair 5–12 mm; anthers oblong to linear-oblong, unequal, 1.5–4 mm, (adaxial pair smaller). |
sepals erect to ascending, (dark purple in bud becoming yellowish green with purplish or brown margins), ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 5–15(–19) × 2–4.5 mm (subequal, keeled, glabrous or pubescent, trichomes simple and forked); petals white or purplish (with dark purple veins), 8–25(–30) mm, blade 4–10 × 1.5–4 mm, crisped, claw oblanceolate, 4–12 × 2–2.5 mm; filaments in 3 unequal pairs, abaxial pair 3.5–8.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–7 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5.5–11 mm; anthers oblong to linear-oblong, unequal, 1–5 mm, (adaxial pair smaller). |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 3–18(–27) mm, pubescent or glabrous. |
reflexed or, rarely, spreading, 3–16 mm, usually pubescent, rarely glabrous. |
Fruits | erect or ascending (often straight), terete or slightly latiseptate, 5–12 cm × 2.5–3.5 mm; valves each with prominent midvein basally; ovules 52–72 per ovary; style 0–4 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes 1–4 mm, opposite valves). |
usually reflexed, rarely divaricate (often straight), terete or slightly latiseptate, 3.5–15 cm × 2.2–3.5 mm; valves each with prominent midvein basally; ovules 70–96 per ovary; style 0–4 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes 0.5–1.5 mm, opposite valves). |
Seeds | 2–3.5 × 1.7–2.2 mm. |
1.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.2 mm, (cotyledons deeply 3-fid). |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Caulanthus lemmonii |
Caulanthus coulteri |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Feb-)Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–Jun(-Jul). |
Habitat | Grassland, chaparral, scrub | Grasslands, scrub, woodlands, chaparral |
Elevation | 100-1100 m (300-3600 ft) | 100-2100 m (300-6900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA
|
Discussion | Of conservation concern. Both R. C. Rollins (1993) and R. E. Buck (1995) treated Caulanthus lemmonii as a variety of C. coulteri, whereas E. B. Payson (1923) treated the two as independent species. The differences between them clearly justify their separate recognition. In fact, those differences are far greater than those that distinguish the minor color form “barbarae” that both Rollins and Buck recognized as a distinct variety of C. amplexicaulis. The types of both C. coulteri and C. lemmonii are quite distinct. The slight intergradation between the two taxa, especially in occurrence of branched trichomes and lobing of cotyledons, most likely resulted from hybridization, but that needs to be verified experimentally and molecularly. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Caulanthus coulteri is highly variable in almost every morphological character. For a discussion of its limits, see 14. Caulanthus lemmonii. It is known from central and southern California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 684. | FNA vol. 7, p. 680. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. coulteri var. lemmonii, Streptanthus coulteri var. lemmonii, Streptanthus parryi | Streptanthus coulteri |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 261. (1888) | S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 27. (1871) |
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