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Lemmon's jewelflower, Lemmon's wild cabbage

California jewelflower, St. Francis cabbage

Habit Annuals; hispid basally, subglabrate or glabrous distally. Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), hispid proximally, glabrous distally.
Stems

erect or ascending, usually branched distally, 1–8 dm, sparsely hispid basally.

erect to subdecumbent, usually branched distally, 0.9–5.5 dm, sparsely hispid basally.

Basal leaves

rosulate;

petiole 0.3–3 cm;

blade oblanceolate, 0.7–9 cm × 4–25 mm, margins coarsely dentate-sinuate.

rosulate;

petiole 0.3–3.5 cm;

blade oblanceolate, 0.7–8 cm × 3–25 mm, margins often coarsely dentate, sometimes somewhat pinnatifid.

Cauline leaves

(median) sessile;

blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 0.5–11 cm × 2–45 mm, (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins entire or denticulate.

(median) sessile;

blade oblong or suborbicular to obovate, 0.6–7.5 cm × 3–55 mm (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins coarsely dentate or entire.

Racemes

(densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers.

(densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers.

Flowers

sepals erect to ascending, (dark purple in bud, becoming greenish or creamy white and purplish or brown distally), ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6–17 × 2.5–3.5 mm (subequal, keeled, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent, trichomes simple);

petals white (with dark purple veins), 8–20 mm, blade 4–8 × 1.5–2 mm, crisped, claw oblanceolate, 4–11 × 2–3 mm;

filaments in 3 unequal pairs, (median pairs often connate), abaxial pair 3.5–11mm, lateral pair 2–7 mm, adaxial pair 5–12 mm;

anthers oblong to linear-oblong, unequal, 1.5–4 mm, (adaxial pair smaller).

sepals erect to ascending (dark purple in bud, purplish green after anthesis), ovate-lanceolate, 4–9(–11) × 2.5–3.5 mm (unequal, adaxial one longest, keeled);

petals white (with purple veins), 5.5–12 mm, blade 2–5 × 1–2 mm, crisped, claw narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 mm;

filaments in 3 unequal pairs, abaxial pair 3–8 mm, lateral pair 2–7 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–9 mm;

anthers oblong, equal, 1–3.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, 3–18(–27) mm, pubescent or glabrous.

ascending to reflexed, 2–11 mm, usually pubescent, rarely glabrous.

Fruits

erect or ascending (often straight), terete or slightly latiseptate, 5–12 cm × 2.5–3.5 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein basally;

ovules 52–72 per ovary;

style 0–4 mm;

stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes 1–4 mm, opposite valves).

erect or reflexed (often straight), angustiseptate, 1.7–5 cm × 3.5–6 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein;

ovules 46–100 per ovary;

style 0.2–2.7 mm;

stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes to 2 mm, opposite valves).

Seeds

2–3.5 × 1.7–2.2 mm.

(subglobose, plump), 1–1.6 mm diam., (cotyledons deeply 3-fid).

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Caulanthus lemmonii

Caulanthus californicus

Phenology Flowering (Feb-)Mar–May. Flowering Feb–Apr.
Habitat Grassland, chaparral, scrub Grasslands, juniper woodlands
Elevation 100-1100 m (300-3600 ft) 100-1000 m (300-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Both R. C. Rollins (1993) and R. E. Buck (1995) treated Caulanthus lemmonii as a variety of C. coulteri, whereas E. B. Payson (1923) treated the two as independent species. The differences between them clearly justify their separate recognition. In fact, those differences are far greater than those that distinguish the minor color form “barbarae” that both Rollins and Buck recognized as a distinct variety of C. amplexicaulis. The types of both C. coulteri and C. lemmonii are quite distinct. The slight intergradation between the two taxa, especially in occurrence of branched trichomes and lobing of cotyledons, most likely resulted from hybridization, but that needs to be verified experimentally and molecularly.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

According to R. E. Buck (1995), the range of Caulanthus californicus was highly reduced from conversion of habitats into agricultural land, and it is now restricted to portions of Fresno, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties, whereas its previous range included also Kern, Kings, Monterey, Tulare, and Ventura counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 684. FNA vol. 7, p. 680.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus
Sibling taxa
C. amplexicaulis, C. anceps, C. barnebyi, C. californicus, C. cooperi, C. coulteri, C. crassicaulis, C. flavescens, C. glaucus, C. hallii, C. heterophyllus, C. inflatus, C. lasiophyllus, C. major, C. pilosus, C. simulans
C. amplexicaulis, C. anceps, C. barnebyi, C. cooperi, C. coulteri, C. crassicaulis, C. flavescens, C. glaucus, C. hallii, C. heterophyllus, C. inflatus, C. lasiophyllus, C. lemmonii, C. major, C. pilosus, C. simulans
Synonyms C. coulteri var. lemmonii, Streptanthus coulteri var. lemmonii, Streptanthus parryi Stanfordia californica, Streptanthus californicus
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 261. (1888) (S. Watson) Payson: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 299. (1923)
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