Caulanthus cooperi |
Caulanthus crassicaulis |
|
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Cooper caulanthus, Cooper's jewel-flower, Cooper's wild cabbage |
spindlestem, thick stem caulanthus, thick-stem wild cabbage |
|
Habit | Annuals; puberulent or glabrous (trichomes simple and subappressed, and 2-rayed). | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Stems | erect to ascending (often flexuous, weak, often tangled with desert shrubs), usually branched distally, 1–8 dm, glabrous or puberulent. |
erect or ascending, usually unbranched, rarely branched, (hollow, strongly inflated, fusiform, to 3 cm diam. at widest point), 2–10 dm. |
Basal leaves | rosulate; petiole 0.3–2.5 cm; blade oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.7–6 cm × 2–27 mm, margins usually coarsely dentate or somewhat pinnatifid, rarely entire, (surfaces glabrous). |
rosulate; petiole 0.5–9 cm; blade obovate to oblanceolate (in outline), 1–12 cm × 3–45 mm, margins entire, dentate-sinuate, lyrate, runcinate, or pinnatifid. |
Cauline leaves | (median) sessile; blade lanceolate or oblong, 1.5–7.5 cm × 5–20 mm (smaller distally, base amplexicaul to sagittate), margins dentate or entire, (surfaces glabrous). |
(distalmost) shortly petiolate; blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, margins entire. |
Racemes | (lax), without a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
(densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
Flowers | sepals erect, (purplish or yellow-green), narrowly lanceolate, 3–6.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm (equal); petals yellow-green to purplish (often with purple veins), 4.5–9 mm, blade 2–3 × 0.7–1.5 mm, not crisped, claw narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5–7 × 1–1.5 mm; filaments slightly tetradynamous, median pairs 2–4.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, equal, 1.5–2 mm. |
sepals erect (creamy white, purplish, or greenish), ovate to lanceolate, 7.5–14 × 2.5–4 mm (equal); petals brown or purple, 10–15 mm, blade 3–5 × 1.2–2.5 mm, not or hardly crisped, claw oblanceolate, 7–10 × 2–2.5 mm; filaments tetradynamous, median pairs 3–8 mm, lateral pair 2–7 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, equal, 3–6.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | reflexed, 1–4.5 mm, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent. |
ascending, 1–5 mm, glabrous or pubescent, (trichomes flattened). |
Fruits | usually reflexed, rarely divaricate (often subfalcate), terete, 2–6 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; valves each with prominent midvein, (glabrous or puberulent); ovules 24–48 per ovary; style 0.2–2.7 mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
erect to ascending, terete or slightly latiseptate, 4.5–14 cm × 2–2.5 mm; valves each with obscure midvein; ovules 98–126 per ovary; style obsolete or, rarely, to 0.6 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes to 1 mm, connivent, opposite valves). |
Seeds | 1–2 × 1–1.2 mm. |
1.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Caulanthus cooperi |
Caulanthus crassicaulis |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Jan-)Feb–Mar. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Desert shrubs, woodlands | Sagebrush scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland |
Elevation | 600-2300 m (2000-7500 ft) | 1200-2900 m (3900-9500 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
|
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NV; UT; WY
|
Discussion | Caulanthus cooperi is distributed in the Colorado and Mojave deserts in western Arizona, central and southern California, southern Nevada, and southern Utah. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
E. B. Payson (1923), R. C. Rollins (1993), and R. E. Buck (1995) recognized two varieties of Caulanthus crassicaulis and separated them solely on the basis of var. crassicaulis having pubescent sepals and glabrous or pubescent leaves, and var. glaber having glabrous or sparsely pubescent sepals and glabrous leaves. In my opinion, this distinction is impractical; as in some other species of Caulanthus, both glabrous and pubescent forms occur sometimes within the same population. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 680. | FNA vol. 7, p. 681. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Thelypodium cooperi, Guillenia cooperi | Streptanthus crassicaulis, C. crassicaulis var. glaber, C. glaber, C. senilis |
Name authority | (S. Watson) Payson: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 293. (1923) | (Torrey) S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 27. (1871) |
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