Caulanthus amplexicaulis |
Caulanthus californicus |
|
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clasping leaf caulanthus, claspingleaf wild cabbage |
California jewelflower, St. Francis cabbage |
|
Habit | Annuals; glabrous throughout. | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), hispid proximally, glabrous distally. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, 0.4–11 dm. |
erect to subdecumbent, usually branched distally, 0.9–5.5 dm, sparsely hispid basally. |
Basal leaves | rosulate; petiole 0.5–3 cm; blade obovate to broadly oblanceolate, 1–7 cm × 5–37 mm, margins coarsely dentate. |
rosulate; petiole 0.3–3.5 cm; blade oblanceolate, 0.7–8 cm × 3–25 mm, margins often coarsely dentate, sometimes somewhat pinnatifid. |
Cauline leaves | (median) sessile; blade oblong to broadly ovate or obovate, 2–8 cm × 10–40 mm (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins coarsely dentate or entire. |
(median) sessile; blade oblong or suborbicular to obovate, 0.6–7.5 cm × 3–55 mm (smaller distally, base amplexicaul), margins coarsely dentate or entire. |
Racemes | (lax), without a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
(densely flowered), with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers. |
Flowers | sepals erect, (dark maroon-purple or ochroleucous to yellowish), ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–9.2 × 2–4 mm (equal); petals (abaxial pair) usually stramineous to yellowish green, rarely pale purple, (adaxial pair) purple, (slightly longer), 10–18 mm, blade 4–10 × 0.5–1.5mm, crisped, claw narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 6–10 × 1–3 mm; filaments in 3 unequal pairs, abaxial pair 3–7 mm, lateral pair 1–5 mm, adaxial pair 4.5–9 mm; anthers oblong, unequal, 1–3.5 mm (adaxial pair smaller). |
sepals erect to ascending (dark purple in bud, purplish green after anthesis), ovate-lanceolate, 4–9(–11) × 2.5–3.5 mm (unequal, adaxial one longest, keeled); petals white (with purple veins), 5.5–12 mm, blade 2–5 × 1–2 mm, crisped, claw narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 mm; filaments in 3 unequal pairs, abaxial pair 3–8 mm, lateral pair 2–7 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–9 mm; anthers oblong, equal, 1–3.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, 2.5–19 mm. |
ascending to reflexed, 2–11 mm, usually pubescent, rarely glabrous. |
Fruits | divaricate to ascending (often distinctly curved), terete or slightly latiseptate, 4.5–14(–16.7) cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves each with obscure midvein; ovules 40–92 per ovary; style 0–0.4 mm; stigma subentire. |
erect or reflexed (often straight), angustiseptate, 1.7–5 cm × 3.5–6 mm; valves each with prominent midvein; ovules 46–100 per ovary; style 0.2–2.7 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed (lobes to 2 mm, opposite valves). |
Seeds | 1.4–2.2 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
(subglobose, plump), 1–1.6 mm diam., (cotyledons deeply 3-fid). |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Caulanthus amplexicaulis |
Caulanthus californicus |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul(-Aug). | Flowering Feb–Apr. |
Habitat | Chaparral, montane forests, serpentine areas, granitic and shale scree | Grasslands, juniper woodlands |
Elevation | 800-2900 m (2600-9500 ft) | 100-1000 m (300-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA
|
Discussion | Caulanthus amplexicaulis is known from Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties. The serpentine populations of Santa Barbara County have sepals that are ochroleucous to yellowish instead of the dark maroon ones found elsewhere in the species range. They were recognized by R. C. Rollins (1993) and R. E. Buck (1995) as var. barbarae. Both vars. barbarae and amplexicaulis form a distinct monophyletic clade but they are without reproductive barriers (A. E. Pepper and L. E. Norwood 2001). Some other species of Caulanthus show comparable or even greater variation in sepal color, and it might be more practical to treat var. barbarae as a color form. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
According to R. E. Buck (1995), the range of Caulanthus californicus was highly reduced from conversion of habitats into agricultural land, and it is now restricted to portions of Fresno, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties, whereas its previous range included also Kern, Kings, Monterey, Tulare, and Ventura counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 679. | FNA vol. 7, p. 680. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Caulanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. amplexicaulis var. barbarae, Euklisia amplexicaulis, Pleiocardia magna, Streptanthus amplexicaulis, Streptanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae | Stanfordia californica, Streptanthus californicus |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 364. (1882) | (S. Watson) Payson: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 299. (1923) |
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