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Sacramento Mountain Indian paintbrush, Wooton's paintbrush

northern Indian paintbrush, northern paintbrush

Habit Herbs, perennial, 1.6–6.5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a woody taproot or branching roots. Herbs, perennial, 0.7–2.6 dm; from a many-headed, short, woody caudex; with a taproot.
Stems

solitary or few to many, erect, unbranched to much-branched, glabrous or hairy proximally and/or distally, hairs sparse to dense, spreading to erect, short to fairly long, soft, eglandular.

few, ascending, unbranched, sometimes branched, glabrate to sparsely hairy proximally, becoming densely hairy distally, proximal hairs appressed, white, short, soft, eglandular, distal hairs widely spreading to erect, white or yellowish, long to very long, soft, eglandular.

Leaves

green, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, linear, or narrowly elliptic, 2–8 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat or involute, 0(–5)-lobed, apex acuminate;

lobes widely spreading, linear to narrowly lanceolate, apex acute.

green to sometimes red-brown or dull purplish, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.5–4 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, involute, (0–)3(–5)-lobed, apex acute to acuminate;

lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, laterals ± divaricate, often abruptly up-curved from plane of main leaf blade, proximals usually 33–50% as long as leaf, apex acuminate to acute.

Inflorescences

3–16 × 2–3.5 cm;

bracts proximally greenish, distally red to orange-red, sometimes with a purplish medial band, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate or ovate in outline, (0–)3–5(–7)-lobed, sometimes also with 4 small teeth;

lobes ascending, linear-lanceolate, long, arising above or below mid length, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse.

2–11 × 1–2.5 cm;

bracts greenish or pale yellow, rarely purplish or deep red, often with dull purplish veins on proximal bracts, or proximally greenish or pale yellow, distally whitish, yellow, or orange-yellow, proximal sometimes linear-lanceolate, distal broadly lanceolate to oblong or obovate, (0–)3–5(–7)-lobed;

lobes ascending to erect, linear to lanceolate, short to medium length, arising above mid length, proximal bract apex acute, distal obtuse, rounded, or truncate.

Corollas

slightly to moderately curved distally, 25–37 mm;

tube 16–20 mm;

beak exserted 10–16 mm beyond calyx, adaxially green to yellowish, 11–25 mm;

abaxial lip green or red, small, inconspicuous, visible through cleft of calyx, 2 mm, 15–20% as long as beak;

teeth incurved, green or red, 0.7–1.5 mm.

slightly curved, 10–22 mm;

tube 8–14 mm;

teeth of abaxial lip sometimes slightly exserted, beak exserted or subequal;

beak adaxially green to pale yellow, 5–8 mm;

abaxial lip deep yellow or green, reduced, forming a small pouch visible through front cleft, 3–5 mm, 50–75% as long as beak;

teeth ascending to erect, white or yellow, 1 mm.

Calyces

proximally green, distally red, 20–25 mm;

abaxial clefts 11–14(–17) mm, adaxial 8–9 mm, abaxial 50–60% of calyx length, adaxial 35–40% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 5–7 mm, 10–15% of calyx length;

lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, apex acute to acuminate.

colored as bracts, proximally often paler, usually yellow throughout, 10–20 mm;

abaxial and adaxial clefts 7–14 mm, 40–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0.5–1.5 mm, 5–15% of calyx length;

lobes triangular, apex acute to rounded.

2n

= 24.

Castilleja wootonii

Castilleja hyperborea

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering May–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Grasslands, rocky slopes, ledges, canyons, open forests, montane to subalpine. Dry to mesic rocky tundra, slopes, ridges, barrens and meadows, openings in boreal forests, arctic to alpine.
Elevation 2000–3700 m. (6600–12100 ft.) 0–2200 m. (0–7200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; BC; NT; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Castilleja wootonii is endemic to the White Mountains (Sierra Blanca) in south-central New Mexico and to the Mt. Livermore massif of western Texas. It should be sought in the intervening Guadalupe Mountains. Based on morphology, C. wootonii appears to be a southern derivative of C. linariifolia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Castilleja hyperborea is widespread across boreal, alpine, and arctic habitats in western Canada and Alaska, extending into the Russian Far East. A rare form with light purple bracts was named as C. kuschei. Another form with particularly long hairs found in the Kluane Lake region of the southern Yukon was described as C. villosissima and is usually found on calcareous substrates.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 665. FNA vol. 17, p. 614.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Castilleja Orobanchaceae > Castilleja
Sibling taxa
C. affinis, C. ambigua, C. angustifolia, C. applegatei, C. aquariensis, C. arachnoidea, C. attenuata, C. brevilobata, C. brevistyla, C. campestris, C. cervina, C. chambersii, C. chlorotica, C. christii, C. chromosa, C. chrymactis, C. chrysantha, C. cinerea, C. citrina, C. coccinea, C. collegiorum, C. covilleana, C. crista-galli, C. cryptantha, C. cusickii, C. densiflora, C. dissitiflora, C. disticha, C. elata, C. elegans, C. elmeri, C. exserta, C. flava, C. foliolosa, C. fraterna, C. genevieveana, C. glandulifera, C. gleasoni, C. gracillima, C. grisea, C. haydenii, C. hispida, C. hololeuca, C. hyperborea, C. indivisa, C. integra, C. kaibabensis, C. kerryana, C. kraliana, C. lacera, C. lanata, C. lasiorhyncha, C. lassenensis, C. latifolia, C. lemmonii, C. leschkeana, C. levisecta, C. linariifolia, C. lindheimeri, C. lineariloba, C. lineata, C. litoralis, C. lutescens, C. martini, C. mendocinensis, C. mexicana, C. miniata, C. minor, C. mogollonica, C. mollis, C. montigena, C. nana, C. nelsonii, C. nervata, C. nivea, C. occidentalis, C. oresbia, C. organorum, C. ornata, C. pallescens, C. pallida, C. parviflora, C. parvula, C. patriotica, C. peckiana, C. peirsonii, C. pilosa, C. plagiotoma, C. praeterita, C. pruinosa, C. puberula, C. pulchella, C. purpurascens, C. purpurea, C. raupii, C. revealii, C. rhexiifolia, C. rigida, C. rubicundula, C. rubida, C. rupicola, C. salsuginosa, C. scabrida, C. schizotricha, C. septentrionalis, C. sessiliflora, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tenuiflora, C. tenuis, C. thompsonii, C. tomentosa, C. uliginosa, C. unalaschcensis, C. victoriae, C. viscidula, C. wightii, C. xanthotricha
C. affinis, C. ambigua, C. angustifolia, C. applegatei, C. aquariensis, C. arachnoidea, C. attenuata, C. brevilobata, C. brevistyla, C. campestris, C. cervina, C. chambersii, C. chlorotica, C. christii, C. chromosa, C. chrymactis, C. chrysantha, C. cinerea, C. citrina, C. coccinea, C. collegiorum, C. covilleana, C. crista-galli, C. cryptantha, C. cusickii, C. densiflora, C. dissitiflora, C. disticha, C. elata, C. elegans, C. elmeri, C. exserta, C. flava, C. foliolosa, C. fraterna, C. genevieveana, C. glandulifera, C. gleasoni, C. gracillima, C. grisea, C. haydenii, C. hispida, C. hololeuca, C. indivisa, C. integra, C. kaibabensis, C. kerryana, C. kraliana, C. lacera, C. lanata, C. lasiorhyncha, C. lassenensis, C. latifolia, C. lemmonii, C. leschkeana, C. levisecta, C. linariifolia, C. lindheimeri, C. lineariloba, C. lineata, C. litoralis, C. lutescens, C. martini, C. mendocinensis, C. mexicana, C. miniata, C. minor, C. mogollonica, C. mollis, C. montigena, C. nana, C. nelsonii, C. nervata, C. nivea, C. occidentalis, C. oresbia, C. organorum, C. ornata, C. pallescens, C. pallida, C. parviflora, C. parvula, C. patriotica, C. peckiana, C. peirsonii, C. pilosa, C. plagiotoma, C. praeterita, C. pruinosa, C. puberula, C. pulchella, C. purpurascens, C. purpurea, C. raupii, C. revealii, C. rhexiifolia, C. rigida, C. rubicundula, C. rubida, C. rupicola, C. salsuginosa, C. scabrida, C. schizotricha, C. septentrionalis, C. sessiliflora, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tenuiflora, C. tenuis, C. thompsonii, C. tomentosa, C. uliginosa, C. unalaschcensis, C. victoriae, C. viscidula, C. wightii, C. wootonii, C. xanthotricha
Synonyms C. ciliata C. kuschei, C. villosissima
Name authority Standley: Muhlenbergia 5: 84. (1909) Pennell: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 86: 532. (1934)
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