Castilleja subinclusa |
Castilleja coccinea |
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Franciscan paint brush, longleaf Indian paintbrush |
painted-cup, red paintbrush, scarlet Indian paintbrush, scarlet paintbrush, scarlet painted-cup |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1.8–12 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, annual or biennial, 1.2–5(–7) dm; with fibrous roots. | ||||||||
Stems | solitary or few to many, erect to ascending, often leaning on nearby shrubs (var. jepsonii), unbranched or branched, often with small, leafy axillary shoots, hairs matted to spreading, short and long, soft, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
solitary or few, erect to ascending, unbranched, rarely branched, hairs spreading, long, soft, eglandular, others shorter and glandular. |
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Leaves | green, pale gray-green, sometimes dull reddish purple, linear to narrowly, sometimes broadly, lanceolate, 2–10.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat or involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acuminate to acute; lobes spreading, linear to short-lanceolate, often arising near mid length, apex acute to obtuse. |
green to sometimes brownish, rosette leaves persisting or withered at anthesis, oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1–3 cm, usually 0-lobed; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2–7(–8) cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes wavy, involute, 3–7(–9)-lobed, apex acute to acuminate; cauline leaves: lobes spreading to ascending, linear to oblong, (2–)5–25 mm, apex acuminate. |
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Inflorescences | 3–30 × 1–7 cm; bracts green or dull purple throughout, or proximally green or dull purple, distally bright red to orange-red, sometimes salmon, orange, or yellow, usually linear to lanceolate, distal sometimes broadly lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 0(–3)-lobed; lobes spreading to erect, linear to oblong or triangular, short or medium length, arising near or above mid length, apex acute to obtuse. |
2–35 (longest in fruit) × 1.5–6 cm; bracts proximally greenish to brownish green, distally red, sometimes orange, yellow, or white, lanceolate to obovate, 3(–5)-lobed; lobes spreading-ascending, lanceolate and longer on proximal bracts, becoming oblanceolate, shorter, and wider on distal bracts, arising from distal 3/4 of blade, apex acute to rounded. |
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Corollas | curved proximally, straight to slightly curved distally, 25–57 mm; tube 15–29 mm; beak subequal to or exceeding calyx but abaxial lip, beak, and often part of tube usually exserted out abaxial cleft; beak adaxially green, yellow-green, or yellow, 13–21 mm, margins red, orange, or yellow; abaxial lip green, yellow, reddish, blackish, or deep red-purple, reduced, protuberant, forming a platform, 1–2 mm, 5–25% as long as beak; teeth ascending, green, purple sometimes with reddish tip, yellow, or blackish, 0.5–1 mm. |
straight, 18–31 mm; tube 15–18 mm; abaxial lip ± exserted, beak exserted, often whitish, yellowish, or faint dull reddish proximally, adaxially green distally, 7–10 mm; abaxial lip green to yellowish, apex pink to yellow, reduced, ± protuberant, 1.5–4 mm, 20–33% as long as beak; teeth erect, green or yellow, apices white, yellow, or pink, 2–4(–5) mm. |
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Calyces | proximally pale green, rarely pale purple, distally bright red or red-orange, rarely orange or yellow, or bright red or red-orange throughout, 20–42 mm; abaxial clefts 13–27 mm, adaxial 7–17 mm, abaxial 40–70% of calyx length, adaxial 12–33% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0–7.5 mm, 0–35% of calyx length; lobes linear to narrowly triangular, strongly curved away from stem proximally and distally obviously curved toward stem, apex acute to acuminate to obtuse. |
colored as bracts, 17–23(–28) mm; abaxial clefts 6–10 mm, adaxial 5–8 mm, clefts 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0–1 mm, 0–5% of calyx length; lobes oblong to triangular, apex rounded to truncate, sometimes emarginate. |
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2n | = 24, 48, 72, 96. |
= 24, 46, 48. |
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Castilleja subinclusa |
Castilleja coccinea |
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Phenology | Flowering Jan–Sep. | |||||||||
Habitat | Damp or wet meadows, roadsides, prairies, swamps, peatlands, ditches, thickets, dunes, jack pine flats, rocky forests, ledges, sandstone, limestone, or granite. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; nw Mexico
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; MB; ON; SK
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Castilleja subinclusa is divided into three varieties with somewhat discontinuous ranges. Identification of the varieties is often difficult when comparing only a single trait but is more easily accomplished when the characters are considered in a suite. The three varieties are also separable by range and habitat. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja coccinea usually has red bracts. Forms with white or yellow bracts have been named but are scattered across the range of the species. However, yellow-bracted forms become markedly more common in populations in the northern portion of the range, especially in the upper midwestern region. Populations of C. coccinea seem ephemeral, disappearing from one site after a few years and appearing in another. It is rare in much of the eastern portion of its range, and apparently is extirpated in Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 657. | FNA vol. 17, p. 598. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
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Synonyms | Bartsia coccinea, C. ludoviciana | |||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 4: 2. (1899) — (as Castilleia) | (Linnaeus) Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 2: 775. (1825) — (as Castilleia) | ||||||||
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