Castilleja subinclusa |
Castilleja citrina |
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Franciscan paint brush, longleaf Indian paintbrush |
lemon paintbrush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1.8–12 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, perennial, 1.5–3.5 dm; from a slender, woody caudex; with a taproot or stout, branched roots. | ||||||||
Stems | solitary or few to many, erect to ascending, often leaning on nearby shrubs (var. jepsonii), unbranched or branched, often with small, leafy axillary shoots, hairs matted to spreading, short and long, soft, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
few to many, erect to ascending, unbranched or branched, hairs appressed to ± ascending, matted, long, soft, mixed with short-glandular ones, denser distally, sometimes obscuring surface. |
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Leaves | green, pale gray-green, sometimes dull reddish purple, linear to narrowly, sometimes broadly, lanceolate, 2–10.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat or involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acuminate to acute; lobes spreading, linear to short-lanceolate, often arising near mid length, apex acute to obtuse. |
green, sometimes brown, linear to linear-lanceolate, 3–7 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 3–7-lobed, apex acute to rounded; lateral lobes spreading, narrowly linear, apex acuminate. |
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Inflorescences | 3–30 × 1–7 cm; bracts green or dull purple throughout, or proximally green or dull purple, distally bright red to orange-red, sometimes salmon, orange, or yellow, usually linear to lanceolate, distal sometimes broadly lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 0(–3)-lobed; lobes spreading to erect, linear to oblong or triangular, short or medium length, arising near or above mid length, apex acute to obtuse. |
(3.5–)8–20 × 2–5.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally bright yellow, sometimes pale yellow to pale orange, sometimes aging white to pink, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or oblong, 3–5(–7)-lobed; lobes spreading to ascending, linear, long, arising at or below mid length, apex obtuse to rounded. |
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Corollas | curved proximally, straight to slightly curved distally, 25–57 mm; tube 15–29 mm; beak subequal to or exceeding calyx but abaxial lip, beak, and often part of tube usually exserted out abaxial cleft; beak adaxially green, yellow-green, or yellow, 13–21 mm, margins red, orange, or yellow; abaxial lip green, yellow, reddish, blackish, or deep red-purple, reduced, protuberant, forming a platform, 1–2 mm, 5–25% as long as beak; teeth ascending, green, purple sometimes with reddish tip, yellow, or blackish, 0.5–1 mm. |
straight but curved at tip, 30–41 mm; tube 21–26 mm; beak slightly to long-exserted, adaxially green to yellowish, sometimes aging pinkish, 10–15 mm; abaxial lip white or yellow, sometimes partly green, darkening with age, only slightly inflated, exserted from abaxial cleft, 3–7 mm, ca. 50% as long as beak; teeth prominent, petaloid, spreading, yellow, 2.5–6 mm. |
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Calyces | proximally pale green, rarely pale purple, distally bright red or red-orange, rarely orange or yellow, or bright red or red-orange throughout, 20–42 mm; abaxial clefts 13–27 mm, adaxial 7–17 mm, abaxial 40–70% of calyx length, adaxial 12–33% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0–7.5 mm, 0–35% of calyx length; lobes linear to narrowly triangular, strongly curved away from stem proximally and distally obviously curved toward stem, apex acute to acuminate to obtuse. |
green, pale green, or whitish, lobes colored as bracts, 12–18 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 8–15 mm, 60–75% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2.5–3 mm, 20% of calyx length; lobes linear to very narrowly triangular (equilaterally triangular if very short), apex obtuse to rounded. |
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2n | = 24, 48, 72, 96. |
= 24. |
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Castilleja subinclusa |
Castilleja citrina |
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Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May. | |||||||||
Habitat | Calcareous prairies, sandy fields, gravelly limestone hillsides, limestone outcrops, mesquite, juniper, oak-juniper, and post oak woodlands, roadsides. | |||||||||
Elevation | 300–800 m. (1000–2600 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; nw Mexico
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KS; OK; TX
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Castilleja subinclusa is divided into three varieties with somewhat discontinuous ranges. Identification of the varieties is often difficult when comparing only a single trait but is more easily accomplished when the characters are considered in a suite. The three varieties are also separable by range and habitat. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Although the range of Castilleja citrina overlaps the range of its close relatives, C. lindheimeri and C. purpurea, in central Texas, C. citrina extends considerably farther to the west and northwest of the others (G. L. Nesom and J. M. Egger 2014). The inflorescences of C. citrina are mostly pale to bright lemon yellow or occasionally brassy yellow. The color and usually more elongate abaxial corolla lip separate it from C. lindheimeri and C. purpurea. Castilleja citrina is similar to some color forms of C. sessiliflora, but the more conspicuously curved corolla of C. sessiliflora is usually exserted far above the calyx and is often white to pale pink, rather than yellow. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 657. | FNA vol. 17, p. 597. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. purpurea var. citrina | |||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 4: 2. (1899) — (as Castilleia) | Pennell: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 532. (1922) | ||||||||
Web links |