Castilleja pruinosa |
Castilleja fraterna |
|
---|---|---|
frosted Indian paintbrush, frosted paintbrush, pruinose paintbrush |
fraternal Indian paintbrush, fraternal paintbrush |
|
Habit | Herbs to subshrubs, perennial, (1.2–)2–8 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, perennial, 0.8–2.5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. |
Stems | several to many, erect or ascending, branched or unbranched, sometimes with inconspicuous, short, leafy axillary shoots, hairs ± dense, spreading to appressed, whitish or ashy gray, long, soft, much-branched, rarely unbranched, eglandular or obscurely glandular. |
few to many, ± curved at base, ascending or erect distally, unbranched, hairs moderately dense, spreading, medium length and long, soft, mixed with shorter stipitate-glandular ones. |
Leaves | green, linear-lanceolate to narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 2–8 cm, not fleshy, margins plane to sometimes wavy, flat or involute, 0-lobed, sometimes 3–5-lobed distally, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute; lobes sometimes divergent, ascending-spreading, linear, apex acute. |
green, sometimes purple-tinged, lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or narrowly ovate, 1–4.3 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, ± involute, 0–3-lobed, apex acute to acuminate; lobes ascending, often narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. |
Inflorescences | 3–20 × 1.5–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally abruptly red, sometimes yellow, salmon, or orange-red, often with a narrow yellow medial band, lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or oblong, 0–5-lobed; lobes spreading to ascending, linear, long, arising near mid length, apex obtuse to acute. |
3–8.5 × 1–4 cm; bracts greenish or bright to sometimes dull red, sometimes scarlet, orange, or pale pink throughout, or proximally greenish, distally as above, ovate to elliptic, (0–)3-lobed; lobes ascending, lanceolate to narrowly triangular, short, arising above mid length, apex acute to obtuse or acuminate. |
Corollas | slightly curved, 20–51 mm; tube 12–21 mm; beak long-exserted, adaxially green, yellow, or red, 12–33 mm; abaxial lip deep green, reduced, 1–2.5 mm, ca. 10% as long as beak; teeth incurved to erect, white, yellow, or green, 0.5–2 mm. |
straight or slightly curved, 20–40 mm; tube 27 mm; abaxial lip often visible in abaxial cleft, sometimes exserted, beak usually exserted from calyx; beak adaxially green to yellow, 8–14 mm; abaxial lip red, black, green, white, or green and white, ± prominent, slightly rounded, 1.5–5 mm, ca. 33% as long as beak; teeth ascending, green, bright red, pink, white, or yellow, 0.5–3 mm. |
Calyces | proximally green to yellow, distally and abruptly colored as in distal bracts, often with a central yellow band, 13–28 mm; abaxial clefts 5–13 mm, adaxial 8–14 mm, clefts 33–70% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 3–9 mm, 20–25% of calyx length; lobes lanceolate to triangular, apex acute to acuminate. |
brightly, conspicuously colored for at least distal 2/3, often throughout, providing much of inflorescence coloration, proximally pale whitish to pale pink, distally colored as in distal portion of bracts, sometimes colored throughout as in distal portion of bracts, 15–30 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 7–14 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 1–5 mm, 5–15% of calyx length; lobes narrowly to broadly triangular, apex rounded to acute. |
2n | = 48. |
|
Castilleja pruinosa |
Castilleja fraterna |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Dry flats, rocky slopes, talus, thickets, open forests and forest edges, usually over serpentine. | Moist or dry rocky slopes and flats, ridges, talus, dwarf willow mats, subalpine to alpine, rarely along stream channels at lower elevations, over sedimentary rocks, often limy. |
Elevation | 50–2600 m. (200–8500 ft.) | 2000–2900 m. (6600–9500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
OR
|
Discussion | Castilleja pruinosa is a common and variable paintbrush at moderate elevations in the southern half of the Cascade Range, occurring westward in Oregon and in adjacent northwestern California. It is also found in the northern Sierra Nevada. The often dense pubescence of branched hairs distinguishes it from other similar species within its range. Castilleja gleasoni was sometimes included within C. pruinosa, but C. gleasoni is likely of hybrid origin and occurs only in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. There are significant morphological differences between C. gleasoni and C. pruinosa. Castilleja pruinosa forms occasional hybrids with C. applegatei var. pinetorum and with C. brevilobata. In some populations in Douglas and eastern Lane counties, Oregon, C. pruinosa forms introgressive swarms with C. hispida var. hispida. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja fraterna is endemic to one ridge system in the Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon. A parallel ridge system in the range has a second Wallowa Mountains endemic, C. rubida. Castilleja fraterna is colored similarly to C. miniata, but the petaloid teeth of the abaxial corolla lip are more like C. chrysantha. It is possible that C. fraterna was derived through hybridization, though its chromosome number is unknown. It resembles the newly described C. kerryana in Montana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 647. | FNA vol. 17, p. 609. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Fernald: Erythea 6: 50. (1898) — (as Castilleia) | Greenman: Bot. Gaz. 48: 147. (1909) |
Web links |