Castilleja nelsonii |
Castilleja rigida |
|
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Arizona or southern mountains paintbrush, Rincon Mountain Indian paintbrush |
rigid Indian paintbrush, rigid paintbrush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2.5–8(–10) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot or branched root system. | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, 1.4–7.5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a strongly woody taproot or branched, woody roots. |
Stems | few to many, ascending to erect, unbranched or often strongly and diffusely branched distally, hairs sparse to dense, spreading to matted, long proximally on stem, becoming puberulent distally, ± stiff, eglandular, often mixed with retrorse shorter ones. |
few to many, erect to basally ascending, sometimes with subtle, curvy zigzags, unbranched, sometimes branched, proximally or with short, leafy axillary shoots, hairs loosely spreading, long, soft, ± wavy, eglandular and shorter stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | green, linear-lanceolate or narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 2–6.5(–8) cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat to involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acute; lobes ascending, lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse. |
green, linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, or narrowly oblanceolate, 2–5.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 0-lobed, apex acute, distalmost obtuse to rounded. |
Inflorescences | (2.5–)5–15 × 2–4.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally scarlet to red or orange-red, rarely yellow or crimson, veins usually yellow or yellow-green, contrasting conspicuously with base color, lanceolate or elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 0–3(–5)-lobed; lobes ascending, lanceolate to triangular, medium length, arising above mid length, apex rounded to obtuse. |
2–7.5 × 2–3.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally abruptly rose red, bright red, or red-orange, narrowly to broadly oblong-obovate to obovate or ovate-elliptic, 0-lobed; apex rounded to obtuse. |
Corollas | slightly curved, 15–35 mm, subequal to calyx or beak partially to strongly exserted; tube 15–17 mm; beak adaxially yellowish green, 10–16 mm; abaxial lip green, reduced, ± pouched, 0.5–1.5 mm, 4–10% as long as beak; teeth incurved, deep green, 0.7–1 mm. |
straight or slightly curved, (24–)28–36(–42) mm; tube 15–22 mm; beak exserted, adaxially green to yellow-green, (8–)10–14 mm; abaxial lip dark green, reduced, 0.5–1.5 mm, 7–12% as long as beak; teeth reduced, green to yellowish green, 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Calyces | mostly yellowish throughout, with a thin reddish apex, 15–27 mm; abaxial clefts (5–)9–11 mm, adaxial 4.5–9.5 mm, clefts 25–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2–4 mm, 10–20% of calyx length; lobes linear-lanceolate to triangular, apex acute to acuminate, rarely ± obtuse. |
colored as bracts, sometimes with a yellow central band, 20–32(–36) mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts (5–)7–14 mm, ca. 40% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0–0.5 mm, 0–7% of calyx length; lobes poorly developed, if present, rounded, apex rounded to truncate, sometimes emarginate. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Castilleja nelsonii |
Castilleja rigida |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering Mar–Jul(–Nov). |
Habitat | Rocky slopes, meadows, riparian zones, moist ground in open forests, montane to subalpine. | Desert scrub, rocky slopes, ledges, ridges, flats, swales, roadsides, commonly with Agave lechuguilla. |
Elevation | 1900–3100 m. (6200–10200 ft.) | 300–1500 m. (1000–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Sonora)
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TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Zacatecas)
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Discussion | Castilleja nelsonii is fairly common in the upper elevations of the so-called sky island ranges from central and eastern Arizona to adjacent New Mexico, southward into the Sierra Madre Occidental, at least as far south as southern Chihuahua, where the type collection was obtained on Cerro Mohinora. Although it was long known in the United States as C. austromontana, the name C. nelsonii has priority. Some specimens from southern Coconino County, Arizona, approach C. miniata, but most material is easily separable. Castilleja nelsonii occasionally hybridizes with C. mogollonica in Apache County, Arizona, near the border of the range of the former. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja rigida is endemic to desert scrub on limestone deposits in the Chihuahuan Desert region and the adjacent western edge of the Edwards Plateau. It is almost always closely associated with, and most likely parasitic on, Agave lechuguilla. The majority of its range is in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, east of the Sierra Madre Occidental, as well as in Coahuila and Nuevo León, where it is a characteristic component of the regional flora, but also extends into a few counties in southwestern Texas. It is sometimes confused with the similar species, C. nervata, which is widespread in the sierras of western Mexico and is known from a single extant population in the western Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Castilleja nervata and C. rigida are largely parapatric in Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 633. | FNA vol. 17, p. 651. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. austromontana | C. latebracteata |
Name authority | Eastwood: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 579. (1909) | Eastwood: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 575. (1909) |
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