Castilleja nelsonii |
Castilleja lacera |
|
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Arizona or southern mountains paintbrush, Rincon Mountain Indian paintbrush |
cut-leaf owl's clover, cut-leaf paintbrush, cutleaf Indian paintbrush, foothill owl's clover |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2.5–8(–10) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot or branched root system. | Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm; with fibrous roots. |
Stems | few to many, ascending to erect, unbranched or often strongly and diffusely branched distally, hairs sparse to dense, spreading to matted, long proximally on stem, becoming puberulent distally, ± stiff, eglandular, often mixed with retrorse shorter ones. |
solitary, erect, unbranched or branched, hairs spreading, long, soft, scattered among more numerous, medium length, stipitate-glandular ones. |
Leaves | green, linear-lanceolate or narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 2–6.5(–8) cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat to involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acute; lobes ascending, lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse. |
green or purplish, linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat, 0–5(–7)-lobed, apex acuminate; lobes spreading to ascending, linear, apex acuminate to acute. |
Inflorescences | (2.5–)5–15 × 2–4.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally scarlet to red or orange-red, rarely yellow or crimson, veins usually yellow or yellow-green, contrasting conspicuously with base color, lanceolate or elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 0–3(–5)-lobed; lobes ascending, lanceolate to triangular, medium length, arising above mid length, apex rounded to obtuse. |
(1.5–)3–14 × 2–3 cm; bracts green throughout, sometimes proximally green, distally white on apices, lanceolate to ovate, 3–7-lobed; lobes spreading to ascending, linear to narrowly lanceolate, long, arising below mid length, apex obtuse to acute. |
Corollas | slightly curved, 15–35 mm, subequal to calyx or beak partially to strongly exserted; tube 15–17 mm; beak adaxially yellowish green, 10–16 mm; abaxial lip green, reduced, ± pouched, 0.5–1.5 mm, 4–10% as long as beak; teeth incurved, deep green, 0.7–1 mm. |
straight, 10–22 mm; tube 8–15 mm; abaxial lip and beak exserted; beak adaxially yellow to greenish, 3–6 mm, densely puberulent; abaxial lip yellow with purple dots at base, inflated, pouches 3, central pouch slightly 2-lobed, pouches 4–8 mm wide, 3–6 mm deep, side pouches curving up a little at tip, 2–5 mm, 75–95% as long as beak; teeth erect, white or yellow, 0.5–2 mm. |
Calyces | mostly yellowish throughout, with a thin reddish apex, 15–27 mm; abaxial clefts (5–)9–11 mm, adaxial 4.5–9.5 mm, clefts 25–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2–4 mm, 10–20% of calyx length; lobes linear-lanceolate to triangular, apex acute to acuminate, rarely ± obtuse. |
light green, lobes green, 7–13 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 3.5–8 mm, 50–67% of calyx length, lateral 2.5–5 mm, ca. 40% of calyx length; lobes narrowly to broadly lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. |
Stigmas | equal to or slightly exserted from beak. |
|
2n | = 24. |
= 22, 24. |
Castilleja nelsonii |
Castilleja lacera |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Aug). |
Habitat | Rocky slopes, meadows, riparian zones, moist ground in open forests, montane to subalpine. | Grasslands, meadows, moist flats, vernal pool margins, moist forest openings, serpentine slopes and ledges, roadsides. |
Elevation | 1900–3100 m. (6200–10200 ft.) | 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Sonora)
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CA; OR
|
Discussion | Castilleja nelsonii is fairly common in the upper elevations of the so-called sky island ranges from central and eastern Arizona to adjacent New Mexico, southward into the Sierra Madre Occidental, at least as far south as southern Chihuahua, where the type collection was obtained on Cerro Mohinora. Although it was long known in the United States as C. austromontana, the name C. nelsonii has priority. Some specimens from southern Coconino County, Arizona, approach C. miniata, but most material is easily separable. Castilleja nelsonii occasionally hybridizes with C. mogollonica in Apache County, Arizona, near the border of the range of the former. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja lacera is found in a wide range of elevations in the central and northern Sierra Nevada region and in the Siskiyou Mountains region of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Reports from the Coast Ranges north of the San Francisco Bay region and south of the Siskiyou region in western California are referable to other yellow-flowered annuals, including C. ambigua, C. rubicundula var. lithospermoides, Triphysaria eriantha subsp. eriantha, and T. versicolor subsp. faucibarbata. Although most similar to C. rubicundula, C. lacera is somewhat smaller in stature and flower size. It is also easily confused with yellow-flowered populations of C. tenuis, which has smaller flowers and an included stigma. Two chromosome numbers are known for this species, the more northern populations being diploid, and those to the south having an apparently aneuploid count of 2n = 22, which is unique in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 633. | FNA vol. 17, p. 617. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. austromontana | Orthocarpus lacerus |
Name authority | Eastwood: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 579. (1909) | (Bentham) T. I. Chuang & Heckard: Syst. Bot. 16: 657. (1991) |
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