Castilleja nelsonii |
Castilleja applegatei |
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Arizona or southern mountains paintbrush, Rincon Mountain Indian paintbrush |
Applegate's Indian paintbrush, Applegate's paintbrush, wavy leaf paintbrush, wavy-leaf Indian paintbrush, waxy-leaf Indian paintbrush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2.5–8(–10) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot or branched root system. | Herbs, perennial, (0.8–)1–5(–6) dm; from a branched, woody caudex; with a taproot. | ||||||||||||
Stems | few to many, ascending to erect, unbranched or often strongly and diffusely branched distally, hairs sparse to dense, spreading to matted, long proximally on stem, becoming puberulent distally, ± stiff, eglandular, often mixed with retrorse shorter ones. |
few to many, erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched, hairs sparse to dense, spreading, long, soft to ± stiff, eglandular, mixed with shorter stipitate-glandular ones. |
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Leaves | green, linear-lanceolate or narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 2–6.5(–8) cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat to involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acute; lobes ascending, lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse. |
green to purplish or brown, linear to broadly lanceolate, sometimes ovate, 1–6 cm, not fleshy, margins wavy, involute, (0–)3(–5)-lobed, apex rounded or narrowly acute to acuminate; lobes spreading or ascending, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, often short, apex acute to rounded. |
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Inflorescences | (2.5–)5–15 × 2–4.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally scarlet to red or orange-red, rarely yellow or crimson, veins usually yellow or yellow-green, contrasting conspicuously with base color, lanceolate or elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 0–3(–5)-lobed; lobes ascending, lanceolate to triangular, medium length, arising above mid length, apex rounded to obtuse. |
2–12(–21 in fruit) × 1–5 cm; bracts proximally green to dull purplish brown, distally red, red-orange, or scarlet, sometimes orange, white, or yellow, rarely with a narrow yellowish band medially, lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, oblong, or lanceolate-ovate, 3–5(–7)-lobed; lobes spreading to ascending, linear, sometimes expanded near tip, long, arising from ca. mid length, central lobe apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes expanded, others acute, rounded, obtuse, or acuminate. |
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Corollas | slightly curved, 15–35 mm, subequal to calyx or beak partially to strongly exserted; tube 15–17 mm; beak adaxially yellowish green, 10–16 mm; abaxial lip green, reduced, ± pouched, 0.5–1.5 mm, 4–10% as long as beak; teeth incurved, deep green, 0.7–1 mm. |
straight or curved in proximal 1/3, 16–35(–41) mm; tube 9–22 mm; beak usually long-exserted, adaxially green, yellow-green, or yellow, 6–20 mm; abaxial lip deep green to whitish or yellow, reduced, inconspicuous, protuberant, thickened, included or exserted, 1–3 mm, 5–20% as long as beak; teeth ascending or incurved, deep green to yellow, 0.5–1 mm. |
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Calyces | mostly yellowish throughout, with a thin reddish apex, 15–27 mm; abaxial clefts (5–)9–11 mm, adaxial 4.5–9.5 mm, clefts 25–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2–4 mm, 10–20% of calyx length; lobes linear-lanceolate to triangular, apex acute to acuminate, rarely ± obtuse. |
proximally green or whitish, sometimes yellow, lobes colored as bract lobes, sometimes with a yellow band between proximal and distal portions, 13–25 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–14 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2.5–8 mm, 12–50% of calyx length; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly triangular, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. |
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2n | = 24. |
= 24, 48. |
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Castilleja nelsonii |
Castilleja applegatei |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky slopes, meadows, riparian zones, moist ground in open forests, montane to subalpine. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 1900–3100 m. (6200–10200 ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Sonora)
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CA; ID; NV; OR; UT; WY
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Discussion | Castilleja nelsonii is fairly common in the upper elevations of the so-called sky island ranges from central and eastern Arizona to adjacent New Mexico, southward into the Sierra Madre Occidental, at least as far south as southern Chihuahua, where the type collection was obtained on Cerro Mohinora. Although it was long known in the United States as C. austromontana, the name C. nelsonii has priority. Some specimens from southern Coconino County, Arizona, approach C. miniata, but most material is easily separable. Castilleja nelsonii occasionally hybridizes with C. mogollonica in Apache County, Arizona, near the border of the range of the former. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). Castilleja applegatei is a widespread and often common species, with complex patterns of variation and several common but inconstant color forms, especially in var. pinetorum. Castilleja disticha and C. martini, although sometimes included as subspecies within C. applegatei, are treated as species here. Both are more morphologically divergent and more easily distinguished from typical C. applegatei than are the four varieties accepted here. Variety pinetorum is the most widespread form and also occurs over a wider range of elevations than the other three varieties, which are primarily montane to subalpine and occasionally alpine. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 633. | FNA vol. 17, p. 587. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | ||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. austromontana | |||||||||||||
Name authority | Eastwood: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 579. (1909) | Fernald: Erythea 6: 49. (1898) — (as Castilleia) | ||||||||||||
Web links |