Castilleja miniata |
Castilleja genevieveana |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common paintbrush, common red paintbrush, giant red Indian paintbrush, great red paintbrush, scarlet Indian paintbrush, scarlet or common or giant red paintbrush, scarlet paintbrush |
Genevieve's paintbrush |
|||||||||||||
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1.2–8(–10) dm; from a woody caudex (or slender rooting rhizomes in var. dixonii, var. miniata); with a taproot or with slender, branched roots from a rhizome. | Herbs, perennial, 1.5–4.5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | ||||||||||||
Stems | few to many, erect to ascending, rarely proximally decumbent or creeping and rooting at nodes, usually branched, glabrous, glabrate, or hairy, hairs spreading to ± retrorse, short to long, soft to stiff, rarely stipitate-glandular. |
several, erect or ascending, unbranched or often branched proximally, loosely lanate, hairs spreading to retrorse, flattened, often matted, long, soft, eglandular. |
||||||||||||
Leaves | green to purple, linear to lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblong, or ovate, (1.5–)3–8(–9.5) cm, thin and not fleshy or slightly to moderately thickened and slightly fleshy, margins plane, rarely wavy, flat to involute, whole leaf sometimes recurved downward, 0(–5)-lobed, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes rounded; lobes ascending-spreading, narrowly lanceolate, apex acute. |
green to gray-green, linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 1.5–7.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex rounded; lobes spreading, linear or filiform, originating from distal 1/3 of blade, apex acute. |
||||||||||||
Inflorescences | 3–15(–22) × 1.5–5.5 cm, often bearing a thin, white, powdery exudate, especially on bract surfaces; bracts greenish, scarlet, red, red-orange, or pale orange throughout, sometimes pink, magenta, pink-purple, yellow, greenish yellow, white, or salmon throughout, or proximally greenish, distally colored as above, lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 0–5(–7)-lobed, central lobes sometimes distally apiculate; lobes erect, linear to lanceolate, oblong, or oblanceolate, short or medium length, arising near or above mid length, central lobe apex obtuse, rounded, or truncate, lateral ones rounded to acute or acuminate. |
2.5–10(–20 in fruit) × 1.5–2.5 cm; bracts proximally pale greenish to green, distally yellow, yellow-orange, or orange, ovate to broadly lanceolate or broadly oblanceolate-obovate, 0–3-lobed; lobes ascending to erect, narrowly lanceolate, medium length, arising near or above mid length, apex rounded to acute. |
||||||||||||
Pedicels | 0–5 mm. |
|||||||||||||
Corollas | slightly curved, 20–48 mm; tube 12–26 mm; abaxial lip usually not exserted, though often visible in front calyx cleft, beak partially to fully exserted; beak adaxially green to yellow-green or whitish, (9–)14–25 mm; abaxial lip incurved or ascending, deep green or green, sometimes deep purple or yellowish, reduced, not inflated, visible in front cleft, 0.5–3.5 mm, 5–20% as long as beak (to ca. 33% as long as beak in some populations of var. miniata); teeth incurved or erect, green or white, 0.7–1.5 mm. |
straight or slightly curved, 24–37 mm; tube 15–22 mm; slightly shorter than calyx or usually with beak, sometimes abaxial lip, exserted beyond calyx apices; beak adaxially green to yellowish, 7–15 mm; abaxial lip green or yellowish, reduced, ± inconspicuous, slightly pouched, 1.6–6 mm, less than 50% as long as beak; teeth spreading, yellow or yellow-green, 1–4 mm. |
||||||||||||
Calyces | colored as bracts, 15–38 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–24 mm, 35–70% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral (1–)3–8(–12) mm, 5–30% of calyx length; lobes linear or narrowly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse. |
colored as bracts, 23–27 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 10–15 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 4–9 mm, 15–33% of calyx length; lobes oblong to lanceolate or narrowly triangular, apex acute to rounded. |
||||||||||||
2n | = 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144. |
|||||||||||||
Castilleja miniata |
Castilleja genevieveana |
|||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky slopes, open stands of juniper, over limestone. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 500–900 m. (1600–3000 ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; YT; nw Mexico
|
TX; Mexico (Coahuila) |
||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). Castilleja miniata is widely recognized as the common scarlet paintbrush. It is highly variable and has five levels of polyploidy. Nonetheless, it remains fairly well defined morphologically across its wide range. Native Americans use it medicinally. A probable hybrid with C. septentrionalis from southern Nevada was named C. ×porterae Cockerell. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja genevieveana is known from eight counties in southwestern Texas and from a small area of adjacent Coahuila, Mexico. The species is likely related to the widespread C. integra and geographically replaces it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 627. | FNA vol. 17, p. 609. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Name authority | Douglas ex Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 106. (1838) | G. L. Nesom: Phytologia 72: 210. (1992) — (as genevievana) | ||||||||||||
Web links |
|