Castilleja lineata |
Castilleja victoriae |
|
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linear-lobed paintbrush, lineated paintbrush, marsh-meadow Indian paintbrush |
Victoria owl-clover, Victoria paintbrush, Victoria's owl's-clover, Victoria's owl-clover, Victoria's paintbrush |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1–4 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, annual, 0.2–2 dm; with fibrous roots. |
Stems | few to many, erect or strongly ascending, unbranched except for small, leafy axillary shoots, hairs spreading-reflexed to ± appressed, matted, long, soft, with much shorter stipitate-glandular ones, white-woolly. |
solitary, erect, unbranched, sometimes branched, hairs spreading, long, soft, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
Leaves | green, linear to narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, 1.3–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes wavy, involute, 3–7-lobed, apex acute; lobes divergent, spreading-ascending, linear, apex acute to acuminate. |
usually brownish throughout, sometimes greenish proximally, brownish distally, margins deep brown, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 0.5–2.7 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 0–3(–5)-lobed, apex acute; lobes spreading-ascending, linear to lanceolate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. |
Inflorescences | 5–22 × 1–4.5 cm; bracts green to yellow-green throughout, or proximally green to yellow-green, distally yellow to sometimes pale yellow-orange, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or broadly lanceolate, 3(–7)-lobed; lobes ascending to spreading, linear to oblong, medium length to long, arising near or below mid length, central lobe apex rounded to obtuse, lateral ones acute. |
1–5 × 1.5–3 cm; bracts dull reddish brown throughout, or proximally dull greenish, distally dull reddish brown, narrowly ovate, 3–7-lobed; lobes ascending, lanceolate, medium length, arising near or above mid length, apex broadly acute or obtuse. |
Corollas | straight or slightly curved, 14–22 mm; tube 7–14 mm; beak tip barely exserted from calyx; beak adaxially greenish, 4–7 mm; abaxial lip green to yellow, reduced, 1–4 mm, usually less than 67% as long as beak; teeth erect, white to yellow, 1–2.5 mm. |
straight, 10–18 mm; tube 9–13 mm; abaxial lip and beak exserted; beak adaxially white, sometimes faintly diffuse purple, 3 mm, inconspicuously puberulent, hairs short stipitate-glandular; abaxial lip yellowish, cream, or soft pale yellow, lacking spots, moderately conspicuous, pouches 3, conspicuous, 1–3 mm deep, central one furrowed, conspicuous, 2–2.5 mm, 60–75% as long as beak; teeth erect, white or cream, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
Calyces | colored as bracts, 15–20 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 5.5–8 mm, 30–50% of calyx length, ± deeper than laterals, sometimes appearing subequal in pressed specimens, lateral 5–6 mm, ca. 33% of calyx length; lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes expanded towards apices, apex acute. |
colored as bracts, 8–12 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 5–6 mm, 50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 3–4 mm, 30–40% of calyx length; lobes linear-lanceolate, apex acute. |
Stigmas | included in beak. |
|
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Castilleja lineata |
Castilleja victoriae |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul. |
Habitat | Dry to moist slopes and meadows, shores, open conifer forests, montane to alpine. | Vernal pools, springs, windswept, thin-soiled rocky knolls and benches by sea, gneiss. |
Elevation | 2100–3800 m. (6900–12500 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CO; NM
|
WA; BC |
Discussion | Castilleja lineata is restricted to the mountains of northeastern Arizona, southern Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. It is uncommon throughout its range and is without apparent close relatives. The Navajo used C. lineata as a medicinal plant and for its sweet nectar (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja victoriae was first collected in 1893 but not described until 2008. It is restricted to the southernmost tip of Vancouver Island, near Oak Bay, and to several small adjacent islands within a 30 km radius in British Columbia and Washington. Its primary habitat is small depressions and vernal pools on gentle gradients within 100 m of the sea, making it particularly vulnerable to development and recreational conflicts. Never common, several historic populations near Victoria were extirpated before the species was recognized. The majority of the global population is found on Trial Island. All known extant populations would be inundated by projected sea level increases and storm surges due to climate change. It should be considered globally endangered. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 623. | FNA vol. 17, p. 663. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 4: 151. (1900) — (as Castilleia) | Fairbarns & J. M. Egger: Madroño 54: 335, figs. 1, 3 [lower right]. (2008) |
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