Castilleja lineata |
Castilleja exserta |
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linear-lobed paintbrush, lineated paintbrush, marsh-meadow Indian paintbrush |
castilleja exserta, escobita, exserted Indian paintbrush, owl's clover, purple owl's-clover, purple painted-cup |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1–4 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, annual, 0.1–4.5 dm; with fibrous roots. | ||||||||
Stems | few to many, erect or strongly ascending, unbranched except for small, leafy axillary shoots, hairs spreading-reflexed to ± appressed, matted, long, soft, with much shorter stipitate-glandular ones, white-woolly. |
solitary, erect to ascending, unbranched or diffusely branched from near base, hairs spreading, medium length and long, stiff, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
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Leaves | green, linear to narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, 1.3–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes wavy, involute, 3–7-lobed, apex acute; lobes divergent, spreading-ascending, linear, apex acute to acuminate. |
green, sometimes purple to brownish, linear or ovate to orbicular in outline, (0.8–)1–5(–7.7) cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, (0–)3–9(–11)-lobed, sometimes with secondary lobing, apex acuminate to rounded or acute; lobes spreading, filiform or linear to narrowly spatulate, apex acute to acuminate or rounded. |
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Inflorescences | 5–22 × 1–4.5 cm; bracts green to yellow-green throughout, or proximally green to yellow-green, distally yellow to sometimes pale yellow-orange, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or broadly lanceolate, 3(–7)-lobed; lobes ascending to spreading, linear to oblong, medium length to long, arising near or below mid length, central lobe apex rounded to obtuse, lateral ones acute. |
1.5–20 × 2–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish, dark purple, brownish purple, or white, distally pink, lavender, magenta, light purple, or white on lobe apices, lanceolate to elliptic or narrowly ovate, (3–)5(–9)-lobed, often with 2–4 secondary lobes; lobes ascending to spreading, linear to filiform or narrowly spatulate, medium length to long, arising below or above mid length, apex rounded to acute. |
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Corollas | straight or slightly curved, 14–22 mm; tube 7–14 mm; beak tip barely exserted from calyx; beak adaxially greenish, 4–7 mm; abaxial lip green to yellow, reduced, 1–4 mm, usually less than 67% as long as beak; teeth erect, white to yellow, 1–2.5 mm. |
straight, 12–33 mm; tube 7–20 mm; beak slightly exserted, hooked near apex, adaxially pink-purple to magenta, rarely white, 5–13 mm, margins colored as bracts, densely villous-hairy; abaxial lip proximally pink, purple, or magenta, rarely yellow or white, with maroon or deep purple distal to that and white to yellow or pink distally, often with purple spots, distal pale color often aging deep pink or deep red, strongly inflated, pouches 3, 3–8 mm wide, 3–4 mm deep, 3–9 mm, 67–80% as long as beak; teeth erect, white, yellow, or purple, often with purple or maroon spots, 0.5–2 mm. |
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Calyces | colored as bracts, 15–20 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 5.5–8 mm, 30–50% of calyx length, ± deeper than laterals, sometimes appearing subequal in pressed specimens, lateral 5–6 mm, ca. 33% of calyx length; lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes expanded towards apices, apex acute. |
colored as bracts, 10–26 mm; abaxial clefts 4–12 mm, adaxial 9–18 mm, abaxial ca. 50% of calyx length, adaxial ca. 67% of calyx length, at least adaxial deeper than others, lateral 2.5–9 mm, 15–45% of calyx length; lobes linear (to narrowly oblanceolate), apex rounded to acute. |
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Filaments | with spreading, long, soft hairs. |
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2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
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Castilleja lineata |
Castilleja exserta |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||||||
Habitat | Dry to moist slopes and meadows, shores, open conifer forests, montane to alpine. | |||||||||
Elevation | 2100–3800 m. (6900–12500 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CO; NM
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AZ; CA; NM; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Castilleja lineata is restricted to the mountains of northeastern Arizona, southern Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. It is uncommon throughout its range and is without apparent close relatives. The Navajo used C. lineata as a medicinal plant and for its sweet nectar (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). In addition to the characters in the key, Castilleja exserta is distinguished from the similar C. densiflora by its conspicuously hairy and apically hooked beak. As a result, the capitate stigma is exserted more or less horizontally from the corolla beak. In contrast, C. densiflora has an unhooked, inconspicuously puberulent beak, from which the stigma emerges more vertically. Castilleja exserta hybridizes with C. attenuata in southern California and with C. lineariloba in central California, and it reportedly crosses occasionally with C. densiflora in southern California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 623. | FNA vol. 17, p. 606. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Orthocarpus exsertus | |||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 4: 151. (1900) — (as Castilleia) | (A. Heller) T. I. Chuang & Heckard: Syst. Bot. 16: 657. (1991) | ||||||||
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