Castilleja lacera |
Castilleja patriotica |
|
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cut-leaf owl's clover, cut-leaf paintbrush, cutleaf Indian paintbrush, foothill owl's clover |
Huachuca Mountain Indian paintbrush, native paintbrush |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm; with fibrous roots. | Herbs, perennial, 1.7–6 dm; from a slender, woody caudex; with a taproot. |
Stems | solitary, erect, unbranched or branched, hairs spreading, long, soft, scattered among more numerous, medium length, stipitate-glandular ones. |
few to many, erect or ascending, much-branched with many short, leafy axillary shoots, hairs recurved to retrorse, short, ± stiff, eglandular, often with some spreading, long ones. |
Leaves | green or purplish, linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat, 0–5(–7)-lobed, apex acuminate; lobes spreading to ascending, linear, apex acuminate to acute. |
green, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat to involute, (0–)3–7-lobed, apex acute to obtuse; lateral lobes spreading, linear, much shorter and narrower than terminal lobe, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | (1.5–)3–14 × 2–3 cm; bracts green throughout, sometimes proximally green, distally white on apices, lanceolate to ovate, 3–7-lobed; lobes spreading to ascending, linear to narrowly lanceolate, long, arising below mid length, apex obtuse to acute. |
3–17 × 2–7.5 cm; bracts green throughout, sometimes distalmost proximally green, distally red or red-orange on apices, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, (0–)3–5-lobed; lobes spreading, linear or narrowly lanceolate, short, arising near or below mid length, central lobe apex obtuse to rounded, lateral ones acute. |
Corollas | straight, 10–22 mm; tube 8–15 mm; abaxial lip and beak exserted; beak adaxially yellow to greenish, 3–6 mm, densely puberulent; abaxial lip yellow with purple dots at base, inflated, pouches 3, central pouch slightly 2-lobed, pouches 4–8 mm wide, 3–6 mm deep, side pouches curving up a little at tip, 2–5 mm, 75–95% as long as beak; teeth erect, white or yellow, 0.5–2 mm. |
slightly curved, (24–)27–43 mm; tube 9–20 mm; beak longer than calyx, exserted through abaxial cleft, adaxially green to yellowish, 22–39 mm; abaxial lip deep green, inflated, tight, 1–2.5 mm, 5–10% as long as beak; teeth often spreading, green or white, 0.5–1.6 mm. |
Calyces | light green, lobes green, 7–13 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 3.5–8 mm, 50–67% of calyx length, lateral 2.5–5 mm, ca. 40% of calyx length; lobes narrowly to broadly lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. |
proximal 1/3 green, distal 2/3 red to pale red-orange, rarely yellow, (17–)25–35(–40) mm; abaxial clefts 14–29 mm, 67–75% of calyx length, adaxial 2.5–7.3 mm, 5–15% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0–0.3(–2) mm, 0–5% of calyx length; lobes broadly triangular, entire or shallowly cleft, segments, if present, often differing in length, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded. |
Stigmas | equal to or slightly exserted from beak. |
|
2n | = 22, 24. |
= 24. |
Castilleja lacera |
Castilleja patriotica |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Grasslands, meadows, moist flats, vernal pool margins, moist forest openings, serpentine slopes and ledges, roadsides. | Dry slopes and flats, open pine forests, ledges, mostly montane. |
Elevation | 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.) | 2000–3000 m. (6600–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
Discussion | Castilleja lacera is found in a wide range of elevations in the central and northern Sierra Nevada region and in the Siskiyou Mountains region of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Reports from the Coast Ranges north of the San Francisco Bay region and south of the Siskiyou region in western California are referable to other yellow-flowered annuals, including C. ambigua, C. rubicundula var. lithospermoides, Triphysaria eriantha subsp. eriantha, and T. versicolor subsp. faucibarbata. Although most similar to C. rubicundula, C. lacera is somewhat smaller in stature and flower size. It is also easily confused with yellow-flowered populations of C. tenuis, which has smaller flowers and an included stigma. Two chromosome numbers are known for this species, the more northern populations being diploid, and those to the south having an apparently aneuploid count of 2n = 22, which is unique in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja patriotica is broadly distributed in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico, south to northern Durango and Sinaloa. It is replaced in central and southern Mexico by a related species, C. pectinata M. Martens & Galeotti. Castilleja patriotica reaches the Chiricahua and Huachuca mountains of southeastern Arizona and the adjacent Animas Mountains of southwestern New Mexico. A report from the Atascosa Mountains of southern Arizona needs verification. The numerous, narrow axillary leaves and the narrow leaf lobes combine to give this plant a curious frilly appearance. The narrow, widely divaricate lateral leaf lobes are unique in the flora area. Short, compact plants with smaller flowers were named C. blumeri. Castilleja patriotica has medicinal value to native peoples of the northern Sierra Madre. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 617. | FNA vol. 17, p. 642. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Orthocarpus lacerus | C. blumeri, C. patriotica var. blumeri |
Name authority | (Bentham) T. I. Chuang & Heckard: Syst. Bot. 16: 657. (1991) | Fernald: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 56. (1904) |
Web links |