Castilleja lacera |
Castilleja minor |
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cut-leaf owl's clover, cut-leaf paintbrush, cutleaf Indian paintbrush, foothill owl's clover |
annual paintbrush, California threadtorch, lesser Indian paintbrush, little paintbrush, seep paintbrush, thread-torch paintbrush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm; with fibrous roots. | Herbs, annual, 2–10(–15) dm; with a short taproot or small, fibrous root system. | ||||||||||||
Stems | solitary, erect, unbranched or branched, hairs spreading, long, soft, scattered among more numerous, medium length, stipitate-glandular ones. |
solitary or few, erect, unbranched, rarely branched distally, hairs sparse to dense, spreading, sometimes shaggy (var. minor), short to long, soft to stiff, eglandular and/or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
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Leaves | green or purplish, linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat, 0–5(–7)-lobed, apex acuminate; lobes spreading to ascending, linear, apex acuminate to acute. |
green or purple to ± gray, linear to lanceolate, 2–10 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes wavy, ± involute, 0-lobed, apex acuminate to acute, sometimes obtuse. |
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Inflorescences | (1.5–)3–14 × 2–3 cm; bracts green throughout, sometimes proximally green, distally white on apices, lanceolate to ovate, 3–7-lobed; lobes spreading to ascending, linear to narrowly lanceolate, long, arising below mid length, apex obtuse to acute. |
5–40 × 1–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally red, red-orange, or pale orange, rarely yellow, on apices, narrowly lanceolate, sometimes narrowly oblong to spatulate distally, 0-lobed, plane-margined, apex acuminate (oblong to narrowly spatulate in var. spiralis). |
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Corollas | straight, 10–22 mm; tube 8–15 mm; abaxial lip and beak exserted; beak adaxially yellow to greenish, 3–6 mm, densely puberulent; abaxial lip yellow with purple dots at base, inflated, pouches 3, central pouch slightly 2-lobed, pouches 4–8 mm wide, 3–6 mm deep, side pouches curving up a little at tip, 2–5 mm, 75–95% as long as beak; teeth erect, white or yellow, 0.5–2 mm. |
straight, 13–39 mm; tube 11–16(–20) mm; beak partially to completely exserted, sometimes included, adaxially yellow, pale orange to red-orange, reddish brown, green, or white, 5–15(–20) mm; abaxial lip yellow, white, red, deep red, red-violet, or green, colored as or strongly contrasting with rest of corolla, small but jutting out at 90° from axis of corolla, often readily visible through abaxial cleft, 1–3 mm, 5–25% as long as beak; teeth spreading to strongly incurved, green, white, yellow, red, or red-purple, 0.2–1 mm. |
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Calyces | light green, lobes green, 7–13 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 3.5–8 mm, 50–67% of calyx length, lateral 2.5–5 mm, ca. 40% of calyx length; lobes narrowly to broadly lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. |
green or yellowish green, 13–27(–28) mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 6–15 mm, 33–75% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0.5–4 mm, 5–20% of calyx length; lobes linear to narrowly triangular or narrowly lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate. |
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Stigmas | equal to or slightly exserted from beak. |
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2n | = 22, 24. |
= 24. |
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Castilleja lacera |
Castilleja minor |
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Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Aug). | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Grasslands, meadows, moist flats, vernal pool margins, moist forest openings, serpentine slopes and ledges, roadsides. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Castilleja lacera is found in a wide range of elevations in the central and northern Sierra Nevada region and in the Siskiyou Mountains region of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Reports from the Coast Ranges north of the San Francisco Bay region and south of the Siskiyou region in western California are referable to other yellow-flowered annuals, including C. ambigua, C. rubicundula var. lithospermoides, Triphysaria eriantha subsp. eriantha, and T. versicolor subsp. faucibarbata. Although most similar to C. rubicundula, C. lacera is somewhat smaller in stature and flower size. It is also easily confused with yellow-flowered populations of C. tenuis, which has smaller flowers and an included stigma. Two chromosome numbers are known for this species, the more northern populations being diploid, and those to the south having an apparently aneuploid count of 2n = 22, which is unique in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). Castilleja minor is a widespread specialist of seeps, saline shores, and wet ground at moderate elevations. California has many populations on serpentine substrates. Most of the varieties have distinct ranges with little overlap, with the exception of the edaphic obligate var. spiralis, which is restricted to serpentine substrates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 617. | FNA vol. 17, p. 630. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | ||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Orthocarpus lacerus | C. affinis var. minor | ||||||||||||
Name authority | (Bentham) T. I. Chuang & Heckard: Syst. Bot. 16: 657. (1991) | (A. Gray) A. Gray: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 573. (1876) — (as Castilleia) | ||||||||||||
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