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Wallowa paintbrush, yellow paintbrush, yellow Wallowa Indian paintbrush, yellowish or common Wallowa paintbrush

Camp Martin paintbrush

Habit Herbs, perennial, (0.5–)1–2(–5) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. Herbs, perennial, 1.5–5(–8) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot.
Stems

few to many, erect or ascending, often decumbent at base, unbranched, sometimes branched, hairs spreading, long, soft, mixed with dense, shorter stipitate-glandular ones.

several to many, erect or ascending, sometimes curved at base, unbranched or branched, sometimes with short, leafy axillary shoots, hairs spreading, short or long and distally short, stiff or soft, stipitate-glandular.

Leaves

green or purple-tinged, sometimes deep purple, broadly lanceolate, sometimes linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 1.5–4.8 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, flat or involute, 0–3-lobed, apex acute;

lobes ascending or spreading, linear to narrowly linear or narrowly lanceolate, short, apex acuminate.

green to sometimes purple, narrowly oblong or lanceolate to sometimes linear or narrowly ovate, (0.8–)1–5(–6.5) cm, not fleshy, margins wavy, flat or involute, 0–5-lobed, apex rounded or obtuse, rarely acute;

lobes ascending-spreading or divaricate, linear to narrowly oblong, apex acute.

Inflorescences

3–17 × 1–3 cm;

bracts greenish or pale yellow-green throughout, or proximally greenish or pale yellow-green, distally pale yellow to whitish, sometimes pink-purple, or pale, dull purplish, sometimes aging pink or yellow, often infused with light purple, rarely pink, ovate to broadly acute, (0–)3-lobed;

lobes ascending, linear-lanceolate, oblong, or triangular, short, arising below mid length, apex acute to obtuse.

2.5–25 × 1.5–4 cm;

bracts proximally greenish, distally red, orange-red, or pale orange, rarely yellow, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate to oblong, (0–)3–5(–7)-lobed, plus 1–3 shallow teeth on apex of central lobe (var. clokeyi);

lobes ascending or spreading, linear, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, medium length or long, arising at or near mid length, central lobe apex obtuse to rounded, lateral ones acute.

Corollas

straight, (16–)20–25 mm;

tube 15–18 mm;

beak slightly exserted, adaxially green to yellow, 5.5–8.5 mm;

abaxial lip white, green and white, pink, or purple, ± prominent, appressed (proximally scarcely or not pouched), 3–5 mm, 67% as long as beak;

teeth erect, white or pink with some purple or red, 1.5–2.5 mm.

straight to slightly curved, (19–)22–45 mm;

tube 11–22 mm;

abaxial lip rarely exserted, beak exserted;

beak adaxially green to yellowish, 9–21(–23) mm;

abaxial lip green or deep green with white teeth or red with green teeth, reduced, not inflated, often visible through front cleft, 1–2 mm, ca. 10% as long as beak;

teeth incurved, green to white, 0.5–1 mm.

Calyces

proximally green, pale with green veins, purple-tinged green, or purple, distally pale yellow, white, or purplish, 12–20 mm;

abaxial and adaxial clefts 8–12 mm, 50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0.5–3 mm, 5–15% of calyx length;

lobes short-triangular, apex obtuse, rounded, or truncate.

proximally pale green, green, or whitish, sometimes with a yellow central band, distally colored as bracts, 14–26(–28) mm;

abaxial and adaxial clefts 3–10 mm, 20–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 1–5 mm, 15–20% of calyx length;

lobes lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded.

2n

= 24, 48, 72.

Castilleja chrysantha

Castilleja martini

Phenology Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Flat, mesic meadows, dry talus and ridges, montane to alpine.
Elevation 1100–2800 m. (3600–9200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; nw Mexico
Discussion

Castilleja chrysantha is endemic to the mountains of northeastern Oregon, and its patterns of variation need further study. Most plants in the Blue Mountains are taller, more erect, and tolerate lower elevation habitats than populations around the type locality in the Wallowa Mountains. Plants with purplish inflorescences and longer hairs were described as C. ownbeyana and tend to favor drier talus and ridges than plants like the type, found in flat, mesic, montane to subalpine meadows. Hybrids between C. chrysantha and C. fraterna occur in Wallowa County. In the Wallowa Mountains, a recurrent and variable hybrid form between C. chrysantha and C. rhexiifolia was described as C. wallowensis Pennell.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Castilleja martini is sometimes treated as a subspecies of C. applegatei, but there are relatively consistent morphological discontinuities between these two variable complexes. See notes under 4. C. applegatei.

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Calyx lobes broadly lanceolate to ovate or oblong, apices acute, obtuse, or rounded, abaxial and adaxial clefts 20–44% of calyx lengths; w California.
var. martini
1. Calyx lobes lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, apices acute to sometimes obtuse, abaxial and adaxial clefts 40–50% of calyx lengths; sw Nevada, adjacent e California.
var. clokeyi
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 596. FNA vol. 17, p. 625.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Castilleja Orobanchaceae > Castilleja
Sibling taxa
C. affinis, C. ambigua, C. angustifolia, C. applegatei, C. aquariensis, C. arachnoidea, C. attenuata, C. brevilobata, C. brevistyla, C. campestris, C. cervina, C. chambersii, C. chlorotica, C. christii, C. chromosa, C. chrymactis, C. cinerea, C. citrina, C. coccinea, C. collegiorum, C. covilleana, C. crista-galli, C. cryptantha, C. cusickii, C. densiflora, C. dissitiflora, C. disticha, C. elata, C. elegans, C. elmeri, C. exserta, C. flava, C. foliolosa, C. fraterna, C. genevieveana, C. glandulifera, C. gleasoni, C. gracillima, C. grisea, C. haydenii, C. hispida, C. hololeuca, C. hyperborea, C. indivisa, C. integra, C. kaibabensis, C. kerryana, C. kraliana, C. lacera, C. lanata, C. lasiorhyncha, C. lassenensis, C. latifolia, C. lemmonii, C. leschkeana, C. levisecta, C. linariifolia, C. lindheimeri, C. lineariloba, C. lineata, C. litoralis, C. lutescens, C. martini, C. mendocinensis, C. mexicana, C. miniata, C. minor, C. mogollonica, C. mollis, C. montigena, C. nana, C. nelsonii, C. nervata, C. nivea, C. occidentalis, C. oresbia, C. organorum, C. ornata, C. pallescens, C. pallida, C. parviflora, C. parvula, C. patriotica, C. peckiana, C. peirsonii, C. pilosa, C. plagiotoma, C. praeterita, C. pruinosa, C. puberula, C. pulchella, C. purpurascens, C. purpurea, C. raupii, C. revealii, C. rhexiifolia, C. rigida, C. rubicundula, C. rubida, C. rupicola, C. salsuginosa, C. scabrida, C. schizotricha, C. septentrionalis, C. sessiliflora, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tenuiflora, C. tenuis, C. thompsonii, C. tomentosa, C. uliginosa, C. unalaschcensis, C. victoriae, C. viscidula, C. wightii, C. wootonii, C. xanthotricha
C. affinis, C. ambigua, C. angustifolia, C. applegatei, C. aquariensis, C. arachnoidea, C. attenuata, C. brevilobata, C. brevistyla, C. campestris, C. cervina, C. chambersii, C. chlorotica, C. christii, C. chromosa, C. chrymactis, C. chrysantha, C. cinerea, C. citrina, C. coccinea, C. collegiorum, C. covilleana, C. crista-galli, C. cryptantha, C. cusickii, C. densiflora, C. dissitiflora, C. disticha, C. elata, C. elegans, C. elmeri, C. exserta, C. flava, C. foliolosa, C. fraterna, C. genevieveana, C. glandulifera, C. gleasoni, C. gracillima, C. grisea, C. haydenii, C. hispida, C. hololeuca, C. hyperborea, C. indivisa, C. integra, C. kaibabensis, C. kerryana, C. kraliana, C. lacera, C. lanata, C. lasiorhyncha, C. lassenensis, C. latifolia, C. lemmonii, C. leschkeana, C. levisecta, C. linariifolia, C. lindheimeri, C. lineariloba, C. lineata, C. litoralis, C. lutescens, C. mendocinensis, C. mexicana, C. miniata, C. minor, C. mogollonica, C. mollis, C. montigena, C. nana, C. nelsonii, C. nervata, C. nivea, C. occidentalis, C. oresbia, C. organorum, C. ornata, C. pallescens, C. pallida, C. parviflora, C. parvula, C. patriotica, C. peckiana, C. peirsonii, C. pilosa, C. plagiotoma, C. praeterita, C. pruinosa, C. puberula, C. pulchella, C. purpurascens, C. purpurea, C. raupii, C. revealii, C. rhexiifolia, C. rigida, C. rubicundula, C. rubida, C. rupicola, C. salsuginosa, C. scabrida, C. schizotricha, C. septentrionalis, C. sessiliflora, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tenuiflora, C. tenuis, C. thompsonii, C. tomentosa, C. uliginosa, C. unalaschcensis, C. victoriae, C. viscidula, C. wightii, C. wootonii, C. xanthotricha
Subordinate taxa
C. martini var. clokeyi, C. martini var. martini
Synonyms C. ownbeyana C. applegatei subsp. martini
Name authority Greenman: Bot. Gaz. 48: 146. (1909) Abrams: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 69. (1902)
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