Castilleja chlorotica |
Castilleja levisecta |
|
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green tinged paintbrush, green-tinged or Gearheart Mountain paintbrush, greentinge Indian paintbrush |
golden Indian paintbrush, golden paintbrush |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 0.8–3.1 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, perennial, 1–5 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. |
Stems | several to many, erect to ascending, unbranched, sometimes branched near base, hairs spreading, long, soft, eglandular, mixed with dense, short stipitate-glandular ones. |
few to many, erect, ± decumbent or creeping at base, unbranched, sometimes branched, hairs spreading, medium length and long, soft, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
Leaves | green, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 9–35 cm, not fleshy, margins wavy, involute, 0(–3)-lobed, distal sometimes 3-lobed, apex narrowly acuminate; lobes ascending or spreading, linear to lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse. |
green to purple or brown-tinged, linear-lanceolate proximally, oblong-ovate or -obovate distally, 0.8–5.2 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, distalmost sometimes ± wavy, involute, 3–7(–11)-lobed, apex obtuse; lobes erect to ascending, linear to linear-spatulate, very short, toothlike, usually arising from distal 1/3 of blade, apex rounded. |
Inflorescences | 3–9(–18) × 2–3 cm; bracts green to pale green to rarely dull purplish brown throughout, distally rarely with pale yellow apices, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic to sometimes broadly lanceolate, 3-lobed, wavy-margined; lobes spreading or ascending, narrowly lanceolate, medium length, arising at or above mid length, sometimes wavy-margined, apex obtuse to acute. |
2.5–25 × 1–4 cm; bracts bright yellow throughout, or proximally greenish, distally bright yellow, sometimes deep yellow-orange, especially with age, oblong, elliptic, or obtuse to ovate, (0–)5–9(–13)-lobed, sometimes wavy-margined; lobes erect to ascending, oblong, short to medium length, arising above mid length, central lobe apex rounded, lateral ones rounded to acute. |
Corollas | conspicuously decurved distally, 18–22 mm; tube 11–14 mm; beak exserted, adaxially green to yellow-green or yellow, 6–8 mm; abaxial lip green, reduced, fleshy, included, 1.5–2 mm, 25% as long as beak, sparsely hairy, hairs spreading; teeth ascending, green, 0.5–1 mm. |
straight or slightly curved, 17–28 mm; tube 12–15 mm; beak exserted, adaxially green or greenish yellow, 6–8 mm; abaxial lip yellow or greenish, reduced, not inflated, 2–3 mm, 25–33(–50)% as long as beak; teeth ascending to erect, yellow, 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Calyces | green or yellowish green, 15–19 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 9–11 mm, 60% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 3.5–7 mm, 15–25% of calyx length; lobes broadly or narrowly triangular, taller than wide, apex acute to obtuse. |
distally yellow, 13–22 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–9.5 mm, 30–40% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2.5–4.5 mm, ca. 25% of calyx length; lobes linear to narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, apex obtuse, sometimes rounded to acute. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Castilleja chlorotica |
Castilleja levisecta |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jul(–Sep). |
Habitat | Dry open pine forests, often with sagebrush understory, rocky ridges and summits, montane to subalpine. | Dry meadows, upland prairie remnants, sunny headlands and coastal bluffs, rocky islands, often over glacial outwash or deposits. |
Elevation | 2000–2500 m. (6600–8200 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
OR |
OR; WA; BC
|
Discussion | Castilleja chlorotica is an uncommon to rare endemic on dry slopes in Deschutes, Klamath, Lake, and possibly Crook counties in central Oregon. The hooked corolla beak and greenish bracts, often aging purplish distally, help distinguish it from similar species such as C. glandulifera and yellow forms of C. applegatei var. pinetorum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja levisecta is listed as threatened in the United States and endangered in Canada, where it is extremely rare. Most of its grassland habitat has been altered by development in the Puget Trough, and there are historical stations in the metro areas of what are now Victoria, Portland, and Seattle. For several decades, C. levisecta was considered extirpated from Oregon. However, recent reintroduction programs in Oregon and Washington have been very successful at reestablishing this species at several sites in the Willamette Valley. The bright yellow inflorescences often gradually age to a golden yellow color, unique in the genus. Castilleja levisecta is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 594. | FNA vol. 17, p. 621. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Piper: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 33: 104. (1920) | Greenman: Bot. Gaz. 25: 268. (1898) — (as Castilleia) |
Web links |