Castilleja chambersii |
Castilleja cinerea |
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Chambers' Indian paintbrush, Chambers' paintbrush |
ash-gray Indian paintbrush, ash-gray paintbrush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1.5–3.7 dm; from a thick, woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, perennial, 0.5–3 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. |
Stems | solitary or few to several, ascending, sometimes short-decumbent and rooting, branched from near base, sometimes distally, glabrous or glabrate with hairs very sparse, ± appressed, very short, soft, eglandular. |
several to many, erect to ascending, or decumbent, inflorescence erect in high-elevation form, unbranched, sometimes branched, hairs dense, spreading, ashy gray, short and long, soft, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
Leaves | green, often brown- or purple-tinged, oblong to lanceolate to narrowly ovate or ovate, (1–)2–5.8 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, ± involute, deeply 3–7(–11)-lobed, sometimes with secondary lobes, apex narrowly acute; lobes erect to ascending, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, apex acute. |
green, brown, purple, or deep gray, linear or narrowly to broadly lanceolate to sometimes ovate, 0.7–3 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, slightly involute, 0(–3)-lobed, apex acuminate; lobes ascending to spreading, linear to lanceolate, apex acuminate. |
Inflorescences | 3–15 × 2–4.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally bright red, scarlet, or pale reddish orange, rarely orange-yellow, often fading to pale yellowish orange with age, obovate to orbicular, fan-shaped, (3–)5–9(–13)-lobed, sometimes with secondary lobes; lobes erect or ascending, lanceolate to triangular, short and medium length, usually arising at or above mid length, rarely below, apex acute. |
1–8.5 × 2–5 cm; bracts proximally greenish or deep reddish purple, distally burnt orange, sometimes yellow or deep red to deep burgundy, proximal sometimes lanceolate with narrow lobes, distal or all bracts broadly lanceolate to oblong or slightly oblanceolate, (0–)3–5-lobed, appearing dusty with dense, short stipitate-glandular hairs, many with a nodulose to pillarlike, crystallized, usually pigmented exudate, papillose at 40x; lobes ascending-spreading, oblong or oblanceolate, short, arising above mid length, central lobe apex rounded, often expanded, rounded, or truncate, lateral ones acute to rounded. |
Corollas | straight, 30–45 mm; tube 14–19 mm; beak long-exserted, adaxially green or yellow-green to brownish, 18–24 mm; abaxial lip deep green, reduced, 1–3 mm, 10% as long as beak; teeth incurved, greenish to dull purplish, 0.5–1.5 mm. |
straight, 12–18 mm; tube 9–14 mm; beak included or tip just barely exserted, adaxially green or pale yellow to deep burgundy, 3–5 mm; abaxial lip green, burgundy, or reddish purple (in high-elevation form), little inflated, small, included, 2 mm, to 20% as long as beak; teeth incurved, green, 0.2–0.5 mm. |
Calyces | proximally green, sometimes purple to brown, distally colored as bracts, 20–30 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 7–14 mm, ca. 33% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2–4 mm, 10–15% of calyx length; lobes triangular, barely longer than wide, apex acute or acuminate to obtuse. |
colored as bracts, sometimes whitish proximally, 1.5–20 mm (shorter in upper elevation form); abaxial and adaxial clefts 3.5–8 mm, 30–50% of calyx length, all 4 clefts subequal; lobes linear to narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, apex obtuse to rounded, densely stipitate-glandular. |
2n | = 24. |
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Castilleja chambersii |
Castilleja cinerea |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering May–Aug(–Oct). |
Habitat | Turf or crevices on rocky slopes and benches over basalt, se to sw aspect, sun or partial shade. | Dry rocky slopes, ridges, and flats, pebble plains, sagebrush openings, open conifer forests. |
Elevation | 600–1000 m. (2000–3300 ft.) | 1800–3100 m. (5900–10200 ft.) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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CA
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Discussion | Castilleja chambersii is limited to the summits of three volcanic peaks in the northern Coast Range of Clatsop County, Oregon, and at one similar area in nearby Pacific County, Washington. It is similar to C. rupicola, and the two likely share a common ancestor. Disturbance and erosion from logging and road construction represent significant threats to C. chambersii. Populations of C. chambersii often grow near and even alongside C. hispida, but hybrids are rare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Castilleja cinerea is endemic to the higher elevations of the San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County. Most plants are upright to ascending and have yellow to yellow-orange inflorescences, with occasional plants ranging to dull red, especially with age. On Sugarloaf Mountain, mostly above 2700 m, is a distinctive form with consistently reddish purple to burgundy inflorescences and a strongly decumbent growth form. Castilleja cinerea is most often associated with and likely parasitic on Artemisia nova and Eriogonum species. Castilleja cinerea is known from few populations and is threatened by livestock grazing, development, and vehicle use. It is listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of the United States. The crystalline exudate associated with the stipitate-glandular pubescence of the distal portion of the bracts is unique in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 593. | FNA vol. 17, p. 597. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Orthocarpus cinereus | |
Name authority | J. M. Egger & Meinke: Brittonia 51: 445, fig. 1. (1999) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 93. (1883) — (as Castilleia) |
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