Castilleja cervina |
Castilleja exserta |
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deer Indian paintbrush, deer paintbrush |
castilleja exserta, escobita, exserted Indian paintbrush, owl's clover, purple owl's-clover, purple painted-cup |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, (2.3–)3–8 dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. | Herbs, annual, 0.1–4.5 dm; with fibrous roots. | ||||||||
Stems | solitary or few to many, erect, branched distally, sometimes unbranched or with short, leafy branches in axils of leaves, glabrous, sometimes hairy, hairs moderately dense, spreading, short, soft, eglandular. |
solitary, erect to ascending, unbranched or diffusely branched from near base, hairs spreading, medium length and long, stiff, mixed with short stipitate-glandular ones. |
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Leaves | green, sometimes purplish, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 1–9 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 3–5(–9)-lobed, apex acuminate to narrowly acute; lobes spreading, linear, arising near or below mid length, apex acute, rarely obtuse. |
green, sometimes purple to brownish, linear or ovate to orbicular in outline, (0.8–)1–5(–7.7) cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, (0–)3–9(–11)-lobed, sometimes with secondary lobing, apex acuminate to rounded or acute; lobes spreading, filiform or linear to narrowly spatulate, apex acute to acuminate or rounded. |
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Inflorescences | 3–15(–20) × 1.5–3 cm; bracts proximally pale greenish to pale yellowish green, distally white, cream, or pale yellow, sometimes pale greenish, pale yellow-green, or pale yellow throughout, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 3–5(–7)-lobed; lobes ascending or spreading, linear to very narrowly linear, long, arising above or below mid length, apex acute to obtuse. |
1.5–20 × 2–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish, dark purple, brownish purple, or white, distally pink, lavender, magenta, light purple, or white on lobe apices, lanceolate to elliptic or narrowly ovate, (3–)5(–9)-lobed, often with 2–4 secondary lobes; lobes ascending to spreading, linear to filiform or narrowly spatulate, medium length to long, arising below or above mid length, apex rounded to acute. |
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Corollas | straight or ± curved, 16–25 mm; tube 15–17 mm; beak exserted from calyx, adaxially green, 5–7 mm; abaxial lip deep green, reduced, exserted through abaxial cleft, 1–4 mm, 40–60% as long as beak; teeth erect, white, 0.5–1 mm. |
straight, 12–33 mm; tube 7–20 mm; beak slightly exserted, hooked near apex, adaxially pink-purple to magenta, rarely white, 5–13 mm, margins colored as bracts, densely villous-hairy; abaxial lip proximally pink, purple, or magenta, rarely yellow or white, with maroon or deep purple distal to that and white to yellow or pink distally, often with purple spots, distal pale color often aging deep pink or deep red, strongly inflated, pouches 3, 3–8 mm wide, 3–4 mm deep, 3–9 mm, 67–80% as long as beak; teeth erect, white, yellow, or purple, often with purple or maroon spots, 0.5–2 mm. |
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Calyces | green, rarely pale purple, lobes white, cream, or pale yellow, 18–24(–27) mm; abaxial clefts (6–)8–16 mm, adaxial 4–10(–14) mm, abaxial 45–60% of calyx length, adaxial 15–40% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 1–4 mm, 5–15% of calyx length; lobes narrowly triangular to linear, apex acute. |
colored as bracts, 10–26 mm; abaxial clefts 4–12 mm, adaxial 9–18 mm, abaxial ca. 50% of calyx length, adaxial ca. 67% of calyx length, at least adaxial deeper than others, lateral 2.5–9 mm, 15–45% of calyx length; lobes linear (to narrowly oblanceolate), apex rounded to acute. |
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Filaments | with spreading, long, soft hairs. |
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2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
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Castilleja cervina |
Castilleja exserta |
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Phenology | Flowering (May–)Jun–Jul. | |||||||||
Habitat | Open pine forests and grasslands, rocky balds and dry subalpine meadows. | |||||||||
Elevation | 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
ID; WA; BC
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AZ; CA; NM; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Castilleja cervina is found across northern Washington, from the eastern slope of the Cascade Range, east to northern Idaho and north to southern British Columbia. Plants at higher elevations are dwarfed. Reports from Montana need verification. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). In addition to the characters in the key, Castilleja exserta is distinguished from the similar C. densiflora by its conspicuously hairy and apically hooked beak. As a result, the capitate stigma is exserted more or less horizontally from the corolla beak. In contrast, C. densiflora has an unhooked, inconspicuously puberulent beak, from which the stigma emerges more vertically. Castilleja exserta hybridizes with C. attenuata in southern California and with C. lineariloba in central California, and it reportedly crosses occasionally with C. densiflora in southern California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 593. | FNA vol. 17, p. 606. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | Orobanchaceae > Castilleja | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Orthocarpus exsertus | |||||||||
Name authority | Greenman: Bot. Gaz. 25: 269. (1898) — (as Castilleia) | (A. Heller) T. I. Chuang & Heckard: Syst. Bot. 16: 657. (1991) | ||||||||
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