Carya ovata |
Carya laciniosa |
|
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caryer ovale, noyer tendre, shagbark hickory, shellbark hickory |
kingnut, shellbark hickory |
|
Habit | Trees, to 46 m. Bark light gray, fissured or exfoliating, separating freely into long strips or broad plates that persist, ends often curling away from trunk. | Trees, to 41 m. Bark light gray, fissured or exfoliating, separating freely into large, thick, broad plates that persist. |
Twigs | greenish, reddish, or orangish brown, retaining color or turning black on drying, stout or slender, hirsute or glabrous. |
orange-tan, stout, hirsute, scaly. |
Leaves | 3-6 dm; petiole 4-13 cm, petiole and rachis hirsute or mainly glabrous. |
6-9 dm; petiole 6-13 cm, minutely hirsute, becoming glabrous at base. |
Leaflets | (3-)5(-7), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 3-17 mm; blades ovate, obovate, or elliptic, not falcate, 4-26 × 1-14 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, with tufts of hairs in axils of proximal veins of serrations, often weathering to only a few in fall, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute with unicellular and 2-4-rayed fasciculate hairs, occasionally restricted to midrib and major veins or essentially without hairs, with few to many large peltate scales and small round, irregular, and 4-lobed peltate scales. |
(5-)7-9(-11), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 2-14 mm; blades ovate to obovate or elliptic, not falcate, 9-20 × 3-10 cm, margins coarsely serrate, apex narrowly acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute with unicellular, 2-6-rayed fasciculate and occasionally multiradiate hairs, scaly with abundant large peltate scales and small round peltate scales, adaxially hirsute along midrib, puberulent throughout. |
Fruits | brown to reddish brown, spheric to depressed-spheric, not compressed, 2.5-4 × 2.5-4 cm; husks rough, 4-15 mm thick, dehiscing to base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, ovoid, obovoid, or ellipsoid, compressed, 4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. |
tan to brown, spheric to ellipsoid, not compressed or slightly so, 4.5-6 × 4-5 cm; husks minutely hirsute, 7-13 mm thick, dehiscing to base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, ellipsoid, compressed, 4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. |
Seeds | sweet. |
sweet. |
Terminal | buds tan to dark brown to black, ovoid, 6-18 mm, tomentose or nearly glabrous; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. |
buds tan, broadly ovoid with apices of outer scales prolonged, 12-20 mm, tomentose; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. |
Staminate | catkins pedunculate, to 13 cm, stalks and bracts without hairs; anthers hirsute. |
catkins pedunculate, to 20 cm, stalks and bracts minutely hirsute, capitate-glandular; anthers hirsute. |
Carya ovata |
Carya laciniosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | |
Habitat | Rich bottomlands, along creeks, and in open cedar glades | |
Elevation | 20-300 m (100-1000 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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AL; AR; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
|
Discussion | Carya ovata hybridizes with C. cordiformis (C. ×laneyi Sargent), C. illinoinensis, and C. laciniosa (C. ×dunbarii Sargent). The Mexican shagbark appears to be a good variety. The Mexican hickory (Carya ovata var. mexicana (Hemsley) W. E. Manning) appears to be synonymous with C. ovata. Native Americans used Carya ovata medicinally as an antirheumatic, a gynecological aid, a tonic, and an anthelmintic (D. E. Moerman 1986). Varieties 3 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The most southern locality of Carya laciniosa is an outlier from Hardin County, Texas. Carya laciniosa hybridizes with C. illinoinensis (C. ×nussbaumeri Sargent) and C. ovata (C. ×dunbarii Sargent), and possibly C. cordiformis. Cherokee Indians used Carya laciniosa medicinally as an analgesic, a gastrointestinal aid, and a general disease remedy (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Juglandaceae > Carya | Juglandaceae > Carya |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Juglans ovata, Hicoria ovata | Juglans laciniosa, Hicoria laciniosa |
Name authority | (Miller) K. Koch: Dendrologie 1: 598. (1869) | (F. Michaux) G. Don: in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 384. (1830) |
Web links |