Flora of North America species comparison

typically (3–)5–9 per clump, 25–85(–150) cm;

vegetative culms inconspicuous, usually fewer than 10 leaves clustered at apex, not strikingly 3-ranked.

dark maroon at base; flowering stems 0.5–1.1 mm thick, 20–90 cm, much longer than leaves at maturity, glabrous, but often scabrous within inflorescence.

sheaths with adaxial hyaline area, not mottled abaxially, frequently puckered or cross-corrugated, summits truncate or U-shaped, rarely slightly V-shaped, at most shortly prolonged beyond collar, papillose (at 30X);

distal ligules 1.5–3.5 mm;

blades 2–4 per fertile culm, 10–28(–40) cm × 2–4 mm.

sheaths glabrous or short-pubescent, basal few bladeless and maroon, others grading from maroon to green on back, pale brown-hyaline, red dotted and sometimes pubescent near apex;

blades flat, 3–9 mm wide, glabrous, minutely scabrous on margins distally.

erect, compact on tallest culms, dense, brown, 1.2–2.5(–3.5) cm × 8–12(–15) mm;

proximal internode 1.5–6(–10) mm; 2d internode 2–3.5 mm.

peduncles of lateral spikes slender, to 40 mm, equaling spikes or usually somewhat shorter, scabrous;

peduncle of terminal spike to 13 mm, glabrous or scabrous;

proximal bracts shorter than inflorescences;

sheaths 20–25 mm;

blades 3–4 mm wide.

4–11, ± overlapping, ellipsoid or globose, 5.5–10 × 3.6–6.5 mm, base usually acute, apex rounded to broadly acute;

proximal bracts scalelike, often with bristle tips shorter than inflorescences.

spreading to ascending-spreading, tan to brown at maturity, contrasting with scales while maturing, conspicuously at least 4–8-veined abaxially, 3–7-veined adaxially, broadly ovate, plano-convex, 3.5–4.5(–4.7) × (1.4–)1.6–2.4 mm, 0.45–0.6 mm thick, margin flat, including wing 0.25–0.45 mm wide, smooth;

beak golden to dark brown tinged at tip, flat, ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with golden to dark brown hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.7–2.3 mm.

green, usually red dotted, 2-ribbed and finely 8–12-veined, veins more obvious near base, ellipsoid to oblong-ovoid, loosely enveloping achenes, 2–3.7 × 1.3–1.6 mm, membranous, acute at base, tapering gradually to acute beakless apex, glabrous.

ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.3–1.6 × 0.9–1.2 mm, 0.4–0.55 mm thick.

substipitate, 1.2–2.6 × 1–1.2 mm.

scales reddish brown or dark brown, ovate to lanceolate, 2.4–3.5 mm, at least slightly shorter than perigynium beaks, narrower than perigynia, apex acute or somewhat obtuse.

scales white-hyaline tinged with chestnut, broad green midrib often red dotted, sometimes scabrous, ovate to oblong, shorter than mature perigynia, apex rounded or cuspidate with ciliate awn less than 1 mm, otherwise glabrous.

= 36+IV.

spikes 2–5, 1 per node, well separated, drooping at maturity, pistillate with 10–45 perigynia attached 2 mm apart, linear, 10–70 × 2–3.5 mm.

spike gynecandrous, 10–60 × 1–3 mm.

= 50, 52, 54.