Flora of North America species comparison

erect, (4.7–)7.1–14.4 cm, 1/5–2/5 of total plant height.

dark maroon at base; flowering stems 25–100 cm, as long as leaves at maturity or often longer, 0.5–1 mm thick, glabrous but scabrous within inflorescence.

basal sheaths pale brown to dark brown;

blades green, much exceeding culms, 1.2–4.6 mm wide, herbaceous, margins green, smooth or scabrous.

basal sheaths maroon, bladeless, glabrous or rarely minutely pubescent;

others grading from maroon to green on back, pale brown-hyaline or reddish brown on front, often red dotted, sometimes finely pubescent;

blades flat, 2–7 mm wide, glabrous on both surfaces, margins and abaxial midribs often finely scabrous.

peduncles of lateral spikes slender, to 50 mm, usually shorter than spikes or only slightly longer, scabrous; of terminal spike 15–50 mm, finely scabrous;

proximal bracts longer, or more often, shorter than inflorescences;

sheaths 1–7 cm;

blades 1–3.5 mm wide.

(3–)4–9 per spike, pale green to pale brown, often speckled reddish brown, narrowly ovoid or lance-ovoid, (7–)7.5–8.9(–10.8) × 1.5–2.3 mm, tightly enveloping achenes, apex gradually tapering;

beak (3.6–)4.1–5(–6.4) mm, scabrous.

green to olive-green, usually red dotted, prominently 2-ribbed, finely 12–20-veined, loosely enveloping achene, fusiform to lance-ovoid, 5–9.5 × 1.1–2.2 mm, membranous, base acute, apex tapering gradually to abruptly contracted beak, glabrous or short-pubescent;

beak bidentate 0.7–2 mm, including teeth to 1 mm.

brown, oblong, (2.1–) 2.5–3.1(–3.3) × (1.4–)1.5–1.9(–2.1) mm.

stipitate, 1.9–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm, stipe 0.5–1.5 mm.

spikes 0–2(–3), basal, on erect or spreading (rarely drooping) peduncles.

spikes 2–5, 1 per node, well separated, erect at anthesis, soon nodding, pistillate with 10–25 perigynia attached 2–9 mm apart, linear, 25–80 × 2–3 mm.

spikes with staminate portion 7–56-flowered, (5.4–) 9.6–20.1 × 0.7–1.6 mm; pistillate portion spike 2–4(–6)-flowered.

spike staminate or sometimes gynecandrous with a few pistillate flowers distally; 15–50 × 0.6–1.2 mm.

scales green, margins hyaline, white, tinged reddish brown, (0.9–)1.2–2.4 mm wide, not more than 1.5 times as wide and not concealing perigynia, apex attenuate into green awns;

distal scales with hyaline margins 0.3–0.8 mm wide, apex acuminate, awnless, or scabrous-awned to 5.7 mm.

scales white-hyaline, sometimes tinged with pale brown or suffused with chestnut, with broad green midrib, finely red dotted, oblong, 2.8–6 mm, much shorter than mature perigynia, apex obtuse, acute or cuspidate, awn to 0.2 mm, glabrous, distal margin ciliate.

scales green or tinged with pale brown, ovate, 2.5–4.1 × 1.6–2 mm, margins free but enfolding scales above, hyaline, white, apex obtuse, erose.

1.1–1.4 mm.

filiform, flexuous, long, thin, strongly papillose.