Flora of North America species comparison

10–35 cm.

brown to chestnut at base, surrounded by remains of old leaf bases, but not conspicuously fibrillose; flowering culms 30–80 mm, usually longer than leaves at maturity, 1–2 mm thick, glabrous but finely scabrous within inflorescence.

sheath adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped;

distal ligules 0.9–2 mm;

blades 2–4(–5) per fertile culm, occasionally folded, 6–20 cm × (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm, if not folded, margins revolute.

sheaths glabrous, basal ones dark chestnut, grading to light brown and green on back, all bearing blades, sometimes very reduced in size on basal ones;

sheath fronts brown-hyaline or membranous, darker brown and often red dotted toward apex;

blades rigid, flat or channeled near base, 2.5–7 mm wide, glabrous but margins, edges of adaxial surface, and midrib of abaxial surface finely scabrous.

dense or open, gold to dark brown, 1.7–3 cm × 11–18 mm;

proximal internode 4–8.6 mm; 2d internode 1.5–3.5 mm;

proximal bracts usually scalelike or bristlelike, occasionally leaflike, shorter than inflorescences.

peduncles of lateral spikes slender, to 100 mm (proximal spikes) or to 30 mm (distal spikes), minutely scabrous; of terminal spike 3–20 mm, glabrous;

proximal bracts much shorter than inflorescences;

sheaths 10–75 mm;

blades 1.5–3.5 mm wide.

3–6, distant to loosely aggregated, distinct or individually indistinct, broadly ovoid, 10–15 × 7–9 mm, base acute to attenuate, apex rounded.

ascending to spreading, gold to coppery; conspicuously 3–11-veined abaxially, conspicuously 0–13-veined adaxially, broadly ovate, usually flat, 4.3–6.3 × 2–3 mm, 0.25–0.5 mm thick, margin flat, including wing 0.4–0.9 mm wide, edge often minutely crinkled;

beak red-brown or brown, usually white-hyaline at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire for (0.3–)0.5–0.9 mm, ciliate-serrulate at least on distal body, abaxial suture inconspicuous or with conspicuous white margin, distance from beak tip to achene (1.9–)2.2–3.7 mm.

green to straw colored, sparsely red dotted, 2-ribbed and finely 7–10-veined, slightly inflated around achene, ovoid, 5–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, membranous, base rounded, apex gradually tapering to beak, glabrous;

beak bidentate, 2.5 mm including teeth, teeth hyaline, narrow, to 1 mm.

elliptic, 1.5–2.1 × 0.75–1.1(–1.3) mm, 0.25–0.5 mm thick.

substipitate, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm.

scales gold or reddish to dark brown, with pale midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, 3.5–4.8 mm, usually shorter than and 1/3–1/2 width of perigynia, margin white, 0–0.2 mm wide, apex obtuse to acuminate.

scales pale hyaline tinged with light brown, with midrib green to golden green, ovate to elliptic, nearly as long as mature perigynia, gradually narrowing to acuminate or short-cuspidate apex, glabrous except scabrous midrib.

long-persistent.

spikes 4–12, 1–3 per node;

proximal spikes well separated, arching, pistillate with 20–50 perigynia attached 1 mm apart, cylindric, 15–45 × 6–9 mm;

distal spikes androgynous or staminate, usually crowded near apex.

spike staminate, sometimes compound at base, 20–60 × 2.5–4 mm; the set of predominantly staminate spikes usually conspicuously raised above predominantly pistillate ones.