Flora of North America species comparison

20–110 cm.

arching to spreading, 5–31 cm, smooth or scabrous distally;

bases (remnants of old leaves) weakly or not at all fibrous.

sheath adaxially white-hyaline, summits usually U-shaped, occasionally prolonged to 3 mm beyond collar;

distal ligules (1–)2–3(–6) mm;

blades (2–)3–7 per fertile culm, 10–50 cm × 2–5 mm.

blades pale green, shorter to longer than culms, 0.9–2.6(–3.2) mm wide, herbaceous, glabrous abaxially, scabrous adaxially.

usually dense, light to dark brown and green, (0.8–)1.1–2.6 cm × 9.5–17.5 mm;

proximal internode 0.5–3(–4) mm; 2d internode 0.5–2(–3) mm;

proximal bracts scalelike or rarely leaflike, occasionally bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

with both staminate and pistillate spikes;

peduncles of basal spikes slender, elongate, erect;

peduncles of distal spikes 0.6–4(–10) mm;

proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike, equaling or exceeding inflorescences.

4–10(–14), densely aggregated, individually indistinct, usually broadly ovoid, 5–9(–11) × 4.3–7 mm, base and apex rounded or sometimes acute.

pistillate spikes 1–4 (basal spikes 0–2);

cauline spikes overlapping, separated by less than 7 mm, with 4–15 perigynia;

distal staminate spikes 3.1–11.3 × 0.7–2.7 mm.

ascending to spreading, green or straw colored to brown when mature, conspicuously (0–)3–8(–11)-veined abaxially, conspicuously 0–8-veined adaxially, veins usually not reaching top of achene, ovate to broadly ovate, flat except over achene or ± plano-convex because of air within, (2.8–)3.4–4.5(–5.2) × 1.1–2.4 mm, 0.3–0.5 mm thick, margin flat, including wing 0.2–0.5 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least on distal body, without metallic sheen, dull to slightly shiny;

beak tip gold or red-brown to dark brown, cylindric, unwinged, at least 1 mm, ± entire for 0.2–0.6(–0.9) mm, abaxial suture inconspicuous or with white margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.5–2.5(–2.8) mm.

yellowish green to grayish green, veinless, globose to obovoid, 2.3–3.1 × 1–1.4 mm, as long as or longer than wide;

beak often bent, pale green, occasionally with reddish brown tinge, 0.4–0.8 mm, ciliate-serrulate, apical teeth 0.1–0.2 mm.

ovate to obovate, 1.1–1.6 × 0.7–1.2 mm, 0.3–0.5 mm thick.

brown, obovoid, obtusely trigonous in cross section, 1.3–1.6 × 1–1.4 mm.

scales brown, often red, purple, or coppery tinged, with pale or green midstripe, ovate, 2.4–3.5 mm, shorter than and narrower or as wide as perigynia, white margin 0–0.1 mm wide, apex acute.

pistillate scales pale to dark reddish brown, with narrow to broad white margins, ovate, 2–2.8 × 1–1.8 mm, shorter than perigynia, apex obutse, acute, or acuminate (cuspidate on some basal spikes); staminate scales ovate, 2.4–4 × 1–1.9 mm, apex acute to acuminate.

1.2–2.5 mm.

3.

= 80, 90.