Flora of North America species comparison

coarse, 1.8–3 mm thick, typically with long, unbranched segments from which shoots arise singly every few nodes.

20–91 cm.

sharply trigonous, (10–)25–80(–100) cm, scabrous-angled distally.

sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, sometimes gold tinged near summit, summit U-shaped or zigzag to rounded, prolonged to 3 mm beyond collar;

distal ligules 1.5–4 mm;

blades 3–4 per fertile culm, to 7–30 cm × 1.6–3.9 mm.

basal sheaths dark brown to nearly black;

sheaths with hyaline inner band, apex not prolonged, glabrous;

ligules 0.6–2.6 mm;

blades 1–3(–3.5) mm wide.

dense or open, gold to brown, occasionally beaded, 1.7–4.8 cm × 6–16(–23) mm;

proximal internode 3.5–7.5 mm; 2d internode 2–5.5 mm, these 2 internodes collectively more than 1/3 as long as inflorescences;

proximal bracts usually bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

elongate, 0.9–4 cm;

spikes 5–18(–25), usually unisexual; staminate spikes lanceoloid; pistillate spikes ovoid.

(3–)5–12, distant, loosely aggregated, ovoid to broadly ovoid, 6–14.5 × 2.5–9.2 mm, base rounded to attenuate, apex truncate, rounded, or sometimes tapered.

ascending, green or straw colored to coppery, conspicuously 6–11-veined abaxially, (0–)4–5(–8)-veined adaxially, veins reaching top of achene, lance-ovate to ovate, plano-convex or biconvex, 3.4–4.8(–5.3) × 1.1–1.6(–2.2) mm, 0.4–0.65 mm thick, margin flat, including wing 0.15–0.4 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least on distal body;

beak gold to brown, usually reddish, at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire for 0.5–0.6 mm, abaxial suture inconspicuous or with conspicuous white margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.5–2.5 mm.

brown to nearly black at maturity, essentially veinless, usually stipitate, ovate, plano-convex, (2.2–)2.6–3.7 × 1.2–1.9 mm, dull;

beak 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/4–1/2 length of body, apex ± hyaline, obscurely bidentate.

elliptic to ovate or, rarely, broadly ovate, 1.5–2 × 0.9–1.3 mm, 0.4–0.6 mm thick.

scales gold to brown and often reddish, with whitish or green midstripe, ovate to broadly ovate, (2.5–)3.5–4.7 mm, usually shorter than and narrower or as wide as perigynia, margin white, 0–0.2 mm wide, apex obtuse to acuminate.

scales straw colored to pale reddish brown, with hyaline margins, ovate, apex acute to acuminate-awned, dull to ± satiny.

(1.8–)2.2–3.9 mm, apiculus bristly hairy (30X).