Flora of North America species comparison

(9–)16–60 cm.

10–35 cm.

sheath adaxially white-hyaline, summits usually U-shaped, rarely prolonged to 3 mm beyond collar;

distal ligules 0.5–2.5(–3) mm;

blades 2–6 per fertile culm, (4–)8–18 cm × (1.7–)2–3.6(–4) mm.

sheath adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped;

distal ligules 0.9–2 mm;

blades 2–4(–5) per fertile culm, occasionally folded, 6–20 cm × (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm, if not folded, margins revolute.

stiffly erect, dense, brown or dark brown, 0.9–2.1 cm × 10–15(–18.5) mm;

proximal internode 1.5–3.7(–4.8) mm; 2d internode 1–3 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

dense or open, gold to dark brown, 1.7–3 cm × 11–18 mm;

proximal internode 4–8.6 mm; 2d internode 1.5–3.5 mm;

proximal bracts usually scalelike or bristlelike, occasionally leaflike, shorter than inflorescences.

(3–)5–9, densely aggregated, ± individually indistinct, ovoid to broadly ovoid, 5.5–10.5 × 4–7 mm, base rounded to acute or tapered, apex truncate to tapered.

3–6, distant to loosely aggregated, distinct or individually indistinct, broadly ovoid, 10–15 × 7–9 mm, base acute to attenuate, apex rounded.

appressed-ascending to ascending-spreading, straw colored, gold, red-brown, or coppery, conspicuously 0–7(–11)-veined abaxially, conspicuously 0–3-veined adaxially, narrowly to broadly ovate, plano-convex to biconvex, occasionally ± flat around achene, 3.5–4.5 × (1.1–)1.3–2 mm, 0.4–0.5 mm thick, margin flat, including wing 0.2–0.5 mm wide, darker than perigynium body, ciliate-serrulate at least on distal body, pithlike tissue usually present in proximal perigynium walls in U-shape around achene, glossy metallic sheen;

beak white, golden brown, red-brown, brown, or dark brown, usually white-hyaline at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire for (0.4–)0.5–0.6(–0.9) mm, abaxial suture usually white, conspicuous, distance from beak tip to achene (1.2–)1.6–2.4 mm.

ascending to spreading, gold to coppery; conspicuously 3–11-veined abaxially, conspicuously 0–13-veined adaxially, broadly ovate, usually flat, 4.3–6.3 × 2–3 mm, 0.25–0.5 mm thick, margin flat, including wing 0.4–0.9 mm wide, edge often minutely crinkled;

beak red-brown or brown, usually white-hyaline at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire for (0.3–)0.5–0.9 mm, ciliate-serrulate at least on distal body, abaxial suture inconspicuous or with conspicuous white margin, distance from beak tip to achene (1.9–)2.2–3.7 mm.

usually elliptic, (1.2–)1.4–1.9 × 0.85–1.1 mm, 0.35–0.5 mm thick.

elliptic, 1.5–2.1 × 0.75–1.1(–1.3) mm, 0.25–0.5 mm thick.

scales gold to brown, often reddish, sometimes with whitish or gold midstripe, ovate to broadly ovate, 2.7–3.5(–4) mm, shorter or longer and usually narrower than perigynia, margin, white-hyaline usually conspicuous, 0.03–0.25 mm wide, apex usually obtuse.

scales gold or reddish to dark brown, with pale midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, 3.5–4.8 mm, usually shorter than and 1/3–1/2 width of perigynia, margin white, 0–0.2 mm wide, apex obtuse to acuminate.

long-persistent.

= 86.