Flora of North America species comparison

15–120 cm;

vegetative culms few, inconspicuous, usually fewer than 15 leaves, not strikingly 3-ranked.

30–85 cm.

sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped or sometimes prolonged to 2 mm beyond collar and rounded, smooth;

distal ligules 2.2–3.5 mm;

blades 3–5 per fertile culm, 12–30 cm × 1.5–3.5 mm.

sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped, prolonged more than 2.8 mm;

distal ligules 2–5 mm;

blades (2–)3–4 per fertile culm, 10–30(–40) cm × 2–4(–5) mm.

open, brown, (1.3–)2.5–5(–6.5) cm × 5–18 mm;

proximal internode (3–)6–13(–23) mm; 2d internode 2–12 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

open, stiffly erect, green, gold, or pale brown, (2–)2.5–4.5(–6) cm × 9–16 mm;

proximal internode 4.5–9 mm; 2d internode (2–)5–9(–11) mm;

proximal bracts scalelike, awn shorter than inflorescences.

(3–)4–7, 5–7 on larger culms, distant, distinct, ovoid to ellipsoid, 7–17(–24) × 4–8(–12) mm, base attenuate or rarely rounded, apex acute to rounded;

terminal spike usually with conspicuous staminate base.

(3–)4–7, distant, distinct, fusiform, ovoid, or obovoid, 15–27 × 5.5–9 mm, base tapered to attenuate, apex acute or rounded.

(10–)15–40(–45) per spike, ascending-spreading, green or reddish brown, veinless or faintly and irregularly 1–5-veined adaxially, orbiculate or broadly ovate, plano-convex, (2.6–)3.4–4.8(–5.2) × (2–)2.3–3.2 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick, 1.2–1.8 times as long as wide, nearly leathery, margin flat, including wing 0.3–0.8 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least distally, smooth;

beak pale green or brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with gold or reddish brown-hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.5–2.4 mm.

appressed to ascending, whitish green to brown, conspicuously 10–19-veined abaxially, conspicuously 4–10-veined adaxially, at least 3 adaxially veins longer than achene, lanceolate to ovate, plano-convex, 6–8 × 1.7–2.4 mm, 0.5–0.9 mm thick, margin flat, including wing (0.2–)0.3–0.5 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least distally;

beak green, red-brown, brown, or gold, white-hyaline at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire to 1 mm or flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with conspicuous white margin, distance from beak tip to achene (2.8–)3.2–4.6 mm.

orbiculate to broadly ovate, 1.5–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick.

elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2.2–3 × (1.1–)1.3–1.8 mm, 0.5–0.7 mm thick.

scales white-hyaline, tinged reddish brown, usually with whitish, pale gold, or green midstripe, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.6–4.3 mm, as long as to 0.7–0.9 mm shorter than perignyium beaks, narrower than perigynia, margins thin, sometimes involute, apex mostly acute.

scales whitish green or gold, with greenish to gold midstripe, lanceolate or ovate, 5.8–7.6 mm, ± equaling perigynia, concealing beaks, margin white, 0.2–0.7 mm wide, apex acute to acuminate.

scales with white-hyaline margin (0.2–)0.3–0.7 mm wide.

= 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68.