Flora of North America species comparison

15–120 cm;

vegetative culms few, inconspicuous, usually fewer than 15 leaves, not strikingly 3-ranked.

strongly purple-red or yellow-brown tinged with purple-red to 4.8–10.4 cm high at base, 20–60(–68) cm.

sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped or sometimes prolonged to 2 mm beyond collar and rounded, smooth;

distal ligules 2.2–3.5 mm;

blades 3–5 per fertile culm, 12–30 cm × 1.5–3.5 mm.

sheaths glabrous;

blades green, widest blades 2.4–5.1(–6.7) mm wide, smooth abaxially.

open, brown, (1.3–)2.5–5(–6.5) cm × 5–18 mm;

proximal internode (3–)6–13(–23) mm; 2d internode 2–12 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

0.21–0.57(–0.95) of culm height;

peduncles of lateral spikes scaberulous;

peduncles of terminal spikes (2.5–)18–121 mm, usually much exceeding lateral spikes;

proximal bract with sheaths tight, abaxially glabrous, sheath front apex concave, elongated 0.2–2.5 mm;

ligules 0.2–4.3 mm;

distal bract shorter than terminal spike.

(3–)4–7, 5–7 on larger culms, distant, distinct, ovoid to ellipsoid, 7–17(–24) × 4–8(–12) mm, base attenuate or rarely rounded, apex acute to rounded;

terminal spike usually with conspicuous staminate base.

1–3, widely separate;

lateral spikes pistillate or androgynous, with 3–13(–22) perigynia, (19–)13–39 × 3.9–8.3 mm, ratio of spike length (in mm) to flower number = 1.7–3.4;

terminal spikes (16–)20–43 × (2.8–)3.3–4.5(–5.4) mm.

(10–)15–40(–45) per spike, ascending-spreading, green or reddish brown, veinless or faintly and irregularly 1–5-veined adaxially, orbiculate or broadly ovate, plano-convex, (2.6–)3.4–4.8(–5.2) × (2–)2.3–3.2 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick, 1.2–1.8 times as long as wide, nearly leathery, margin flat, including wing 0.3–0.8 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least distally, smooth;

beak pale green or brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with gold or reddish brown-hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.5–2.4 mm.

spirally imbricate, 42–65-veined, unwrinkled, obovoid or narrowly obovoid, obtusely triangular in cross section, 3.4–5.1 × 1.5–2 mm, 1.8–2.5(–3.2) times as long as wide, dull, base gradually tapered, apex gradually or abruptly tapered to subacute;

beak absent or excurved, 0–0.4(–1.2) mm.

orbiculate to broadly ovate, 1.5–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick.

obovoid, 2.6–3.4 × 1.4–1.8 mm, tightly enveloped by perigynia;

stipe 0.1–0.3(–0.6) mm, bent 30–60°;

beak bent 35–80°, 0.25–0.45 mm.

scales white-hyaline, tinged reddish brown, usually with whitish, pale gold, or green midstripe, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.6–4.3 mm, as long as to 0.7–0.9 mm shorter than perignyium beaks, narrower than perigynia, margins thin, sometimes involute, apex mostly acute.

scales 3.3–11.1(–17.9) × 2–2.8 mm, margins entire, whitish, apex with awn 0.2–8.3(–13.7) mm.

scales 4.2–5.7 × 1.2–1.6 mm.

2.4–4.4 mm.

= 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68.