Flora of North America species comparison

15–120 cm;

vegetative culms few, inconspicuous, usually fewer than 15 leaves, not strikingly 3-ranked.

2–6.5(–9.1) cm, tallest ones 3.2–9.1 cm.

sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped or sometimes prolonged to 2 mm beyond collar and rounded, smooth;

distal ligules 2.2–3.5 mm;

blades 3–5 per fertile culm, 12–30 cm × 1.5–3.5 mm.

basal sheaths reddish brown;

blades green, eceeding culms, 2–4(–5) mm wide, coriaceous, margins green, scabrous.

open, brown, (1.3–)2.5–5(–6.5) cm × 5–18 mm;

proximal internode (3–)6–13(–23) mm; 2d internode 2–12 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

(3–)4–7, 5–7 on larger culms, distant, distinct, ovoid to ellipsoid, 7–17(–24) × 4–8(–12) mm, base attenuate or rarely rounded, apex acute to rounded;

terminal spike usually with conspicuous staminate base.

(10–)15–40(–45) per spike, ascending-spreading, green or reddish brown, veinless or faintly and irregularly 1–5-veined adaxially, orbiculate or broadly ovate, plano-convex, (2.6–)3.4–4.8(–5.2) × (2–)2.3–3.2 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick, 1.2–1.8 times as long as wide, nearly leathery, margin flat, including wing 0.3–0.8 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least distally, smooth;

beak pale green or brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with gold or reddish brown-hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.5–2.4 mm.

green, sometimes flecked with reddish brown, obovoid to ellipsoid, 3.8–5.1 × 1.5–2 mm, tightly enveloping achenes, apex abruptly tapering;

beak (1.2–)1.4–2.1 mm, scabrous.

orbiculate to broadly ovate, 1.5–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick.

dark brown, globose to ellipsoid, 1.9–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm.

scales white-hyaline, tinged reddish brown, usually with whitish, pale gold, or green midstripe, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.6–4.3 mm, as long as to 0.7–0.9 mm shorter than perignyium beaks, narrower than perigynia, margins thin, sometimes involute, apex mostly acute.

scales green, margins 1.2–3 mm wide, not more than 1.5 times as wide as and not concealing perigynia, apex long-acute;

distal scales with hyaline margins to 0.3 mm wide, apex acute, awnless.

spikes 1–3, basal, on erect to spreading peduncles.

spikes with staminate portion (5–)7–15(–21)-flowered, 3–8 × 0.6–1.2 mm; pistillate portion (2–)4–9-flowered.

scales green, tinged brown or reddish brown, ovate to oblong, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, margins connate for most of their length, enfolding scales above, hyaline, white, apex truncate to obtuse (sometimes mucronate), erose.

1–1.5 mm.

filiform, flexuous, long, slender, strongly papillose.

= 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68.