Flora of North America species comparison

15–120 cm;

vegetative culms few, inconspicuous, usually fewer than 15 leaves, not strikingly 3-ranked.

2–19 cm, strongly scabrous distally;

bases and remnants of old leaves slightly fibrous.

sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped or sometimes prolonged to 2 mm beyond collar and rounded, smooth;

distal ligules 2.2–3.5 mm;

blades 3–5 per fertile culm, 12–30 cm × 1.5–3.5 mm.

blades pale green, exceeding stems, 1.3–2(–3.5) mm wide, herbaceous to coriaceous, glabrous abaxially, scabrous to papillose adaxially.

open, brown, (1.3–)2.5–5(–6.5) cm × 5–18 mm;

proximal internode (3–)6–13(–23) mm; 2d internode 2–12 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, shorter than inflorescences.

with both staminate or pistillate spikes;

peduncles of basal spikes erect, elongate, slender;

peduncles of staminate spikes 1.7–8.5(–21) mm;

proximal nonbasal bracts scalelike, usually equaling or shorter than inflorescences, rarely longer.

(3–)4–7, 5–7 on larger culms, distant, distinct, ovoid to ellipsoid, 7–17(–24) × 4–8(–12) mm, base attenuate or rarely rounded, apex acute to rounded;

terminal spike usually with conspicuous staminate base.

proximal pistillate spikes 2–5 (basal spikes 1–3);

cauline spikes usually separated, with 1–6 perigynia; staminate spikes 5.7–14.4 × 0.9–2.1 mm.

(10–)15–40(–45) per spike, ascending-spreading, green or reddish brown, veinless or faintly and irregularly 1–5-veined adaxially, orbiculate or broadly ovate, plano-convex, (2.6–)3.4–4.8(–5.2) × (2–)2.3–3.2 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick, 1.2–1.8 times as long as wide, nearly leathery, margin flat, including wing 0.3–0.8 mm wide, ciliate-serrulate at least distally, smooth;

beak pale green or brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with gold or reddish brown-hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.5–2.4 mm.

pale bright green, finely 12–15veined near base, globose, round in cross section, 3.5–4.8 × 1.7–2.1 mm;

beak straight, pale green, not strongly 2-edged, 0.6–1.6 mm, ciliate-serrulate, apical teeth 0.2–0.5 mm.

orbiculate to broadly ovate, 1.5–2.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, 0.5–0.6 mm thick.

brown, globose to obovoid, round in cross section, 1.9–2.4 × 1.6–2 mm.

scales white-hyaline, tinged reddish brown, usually with whitish, pale gold, or green midstripe, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.6–4.3 mm, as long as to 0.7–0.9 mm shorter than perignyium beaks, narrower than perigynia, margins thin, sometimes involute, apex mostly acute.

pistillate scales reddish brown with narrow white margins, ovate, 3.2–6 × 2–2.2 mm, equaling or exceeding perigynia, apex acute to acuminate (short-awned in some basal spikes); staminate scales lanceolate, 4.1–5.1 × 2 mm, apex acute to obtuse.

2–2.5 mm.

3.

= 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68.

= 28.