Flora of North America species comparison

20–90 cm;

vegetative culms inconspicuous with few leaves clustered at apex.

yellow-brown to red-brown at base, 25–60 cm.

sheaths white-hyaline or green-veined, sometimes papillose, summits U-shaped, not distally expanded;

distal ligules 2.2–6 mm;

blades 3–4 per fertile culm, 11–25 cm × 1.7–4.2 mm.

sheaths scabrous;

blades, especially of overwintered leaves, glaucescent, widest blades (3.4–)3.7–5.8(–6.1) mm wide, smooth or papillose abaxially, papillae especially on overwintered leaves.

mostly dense, brown, 1.1–3 cm × 5–14 mm;

proximal internode 1–4 mm; 2d internode 1.4–3.4 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike, with bristle tips shorter than inflorescences.

0.22–0.86 of culm height;

peduncles of lateral spikes smooth or barely scaberulous;

peduncles of terminal spikes 6.6–42(–58) mm, barely to much exceeding lateral spikes;

proximal bract with sheath tight, abaxially scabrous, sheath front apex slightly convex, elongated 0.3–3.7(–4.4) mm;

ligules 0.7–3.4 mm;

distal bract overlapping but not exceeding terminal spike.

3–10, usually overlapping, ovoid to globose, 4–10 × 3–7 mm, base rounded or truncate, apex rounded.

(3–)4–5(–6), separate or distal 2–4 overlapping;

lateral spikes pistillate or rarely androgynous, with (2–)3–11 perigynia, 6–39 × 3.8–6.8 mm, ratio of spike length (in mm) to flower number = 2.3–4.9;

terminal spikes (12–)18–46 × 1.4–3 mm, longest ones (25–)30–45 mm.

ascending to ascending-spreading, light to dark reddish brown, conspicuously 3+-veined abaxially, faintly or basally 1–3-veined adaxially, winged to base, ovate or elliptic, plano-convex, 2.5–3.8 × (1–)1.2–2 mm, 0.35–0.45 mm thick, 1.9–2.5 times as long as wide, margin flat, including wing 0.2–0.5 mm wide, 1b ciliate-serrulate at least distally;

beak reddish brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with reddish brown-hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.2–2.2 mm.

spirally imbricate, 49–58-veined, unwrinkled, narrowly ellipsoid to obovoid, obtusely triangular in cross section, (3.7–)4–4.7(–5.1) × 1.5–1.7(–1.8) mm, (2.2–)2.5–3.1 times as long as wide, dull, base gradually tapered, apex abruptly contracted;

beak slightly excurved, (0.5–)0.6–1 mm.

ovate or elliptic, 1–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm, 0.3–0.4 mm thick.

broadly obovoid-ellipsoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, (2.5–)2.7–3.5 × 1.4–1.6(–1.7) mm, tightly enveloped by perigynia;

stipe 0.3–0.5(–0.6) mm, bent 5–45°;

beak 0.2 mm, bent 30–70°.

scales reddish brown, usually with green or whitish to brown midstripe, lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 mm, shorter and narrower than perigynia, apex acuminate or acute.

scales (3.5–)4.1–7 × 1.3–2.5 mm, margins whitish, entire, apex with awn (0.1–)1.2–4.1 mm.

scales 3.8–4.3 × 1.3–1.6 mm.

2.9–3.4 mm.

= 68, 70.