Flora of North America species comparison

20–90 cm;

vegetative culms inconspicuous with few leaves clustered at apex.

dark purple-red to 0.3–2.4(–7.3) cm high or very rarely brown at base, 15–80 cm.

sheaths white-hyaline or green-veined, sometimes papillose, summits U-shaped, not distally expanded;

distal ligules 2.2–6 mm;

blades 3–4 per fertile culm, 11–25 cm × 1.7–4.2 mm.

sheaths glabrous;

blades green, widest blades (3.7–)4.4–7 mm wide, smooth abaxially.

mostly dense, brown, 1.1–3 cm × 5–14 mm;

proximal internode 1–4 mm; 2d internode 1.4–3.4 mm;

proximal bracts scalelike, with bristle tips shorter than inflorescences.

0.48–0.93 of culm height;

peduncles of lateral spikes glabrous or barely scaberulous;

peduncles of terminal spikes 1.6–21(–37) mm, usually barely exceeding lateral spikes;

proximal bract sheaths loose, glabrous abaxially, sheath front slightly concave to slightly convex, elongated 0.6–2.2(–5) mm beyond apex;

ligules (1.8–)3.4–7.8(–12.9) mm;

distal bract much exceeding terminal spike.

3–10, usually overlapping, ovoid to globose, 4–10 × 3–7 mm, base rounded or truncate, apex rounded.

(3–) 4–5, distal 2–4 overlapping;

lateral spikes pistillate, with 3–18 perigynia, 5–26 × 4.6–9.8 mm, ratio of spike length (in mm) to flower number = 1.3–1.9;

terminal spikes 7–34 × 1.1–2.7 mm.

ascending to ascending-spreading, light to dark reddish brown, conspicuously 3+-veined abaxially, faintly or basally 1–3-veined adaxially, winged to base, ovate or elliptic, plano-convex, 2.5–3.8 × (1–)1.2–2 mm, 0.35–0.45 mm thick, 1.9–2.5 times as long as wide, margin flat, including wing 0.2–0.5 mm wide, 1b ciliate-serrulate at least distally;

beak reddish brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with reddish brown-hyaline margin, distance from beak tip to achene 1.2–2.2 mm.

spirally imbricate, 52–64-veined, unwrinkled to wrinkled, oblong-lanceoloid to narrowly oblong-ovoid, obtusely triangular in cross section, 4.2–5(–5.2) × 1.5–1.9(–2.2) mm, (2.2–)2.5–3.1 times as long as wide, lustrous, base very gradually tapered, apex gradually tapered;

beak absent or straight, 0–0.2 mm.

ovate or elliptic, 1–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm, 0.3–0.4 mm thick.

broadly obovoid to oblong-obovoid, widest at 0.55–0.67(–0.7) of body length, (2.6–)2.8–3.4 × (1.3–)1.5–1.7(–1.8) mm, loosely enveloped by perigynia;

stipe straight, (0.3–)0.4–0.6 mm;

beak straight, 0.3–0.6 mm.

scales reddish brown, usually with green or whitish to brown midstripe, lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 mm, shorter and narrower than perigynia, apex acuminate or acute.

scales 3.7–8 × 1.2–2.4 mm, margins whitish and usually with red-brown speckles, entire, apex with awn 1.1–6 mm.

scales 3.6–4.9 × 1.1–1.9 mm.

2–2.8 mm.

= 68, 70.