glomerate sedge
|
|
Plants without conspicuous rhizomes. |
Plants cespitose, short-rhizomatous or inconspicuously rhizomatous. |
(20–)30–100 cm, 1.5–3.5 mm wide basally, 0.7–1.2 mm wide distally. |
bases brown, rarely red tinged. |
sheaths usually loose, proximal green-and-white-striped and green-and-white-mottled, with conspicous transverse veins on back, fronts white to hyaline, sometimes red dotted and transversely rugose, yellow or brown and thickened at mouth; ligules 1–4.5 mm, shorter than to as long as wide; widest leaf blades 3.5–5 mm wide. |
basal sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts membranous, rarely dotted red, transversely rugose, distal leaves with at least narrow hyaline or white-hyaline band; blades V-shaped in cross section when young, glabrous. |
with 5–10 spikes, (1.5–)2–5 cm × 8–13 mm; proximal internodes shorter than to as long as proximal spikes; proximal bracts to 3 cm; spikes with 5–15 ascending to spreading perigynia. |
racemose or, rarely, 1–2 branched proximally, with 3–15 spikes; proximal bracts filiform or leaflike, sheathless; lateral spikes androgynous or pistillate, sessile, without prophylls; terminal spike androgynous. |
pale green to pale brown, veinless or weakly 2–5-veined abaxially, 3.4–4.6 × 1.9–2.8 mm, body somewhat spongy, thickened at base, margins serrulate distally; beak 0.7–1.4 mm, apical teeth 0.3–1 mm. |
ascending or spreading, veined or not on both faces, stipitate, lanceolate to broadly ovate or obovate, plano-convex in cross section, widest above base, base rounded, with spongy tissue, margins acutely angled, apex tapering, often abruptly beaked, glabrous; beak 0.3–3 mm, with abaxial suture, bidentate. |
circular to elliptic-circular, 1.8–2.1 × 1.6–1.8 mm. |
biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. |
scales hyaline or pale brown with green, 1–3-veined center, ovate, 2.2–3.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, body 2/3 as long to almost length of perigynia, apex acuminate to short-awned. |
|
1.5–2.5 mm. |
|
|
pistillate scales greenish hyaline with 1-veined center, apex obtuse to acuminate or awned. |
|
2. |
|
|
|
|
Fruiting late spring. |
|
Meadows, thickets, open forests, usually on calcareous soils |
|
50–300 m (200–1000 ft) |
|
AL; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MN; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
|
Mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere |
Carex aggregata may be difficult to distinguish from C. gravida if the leaf sheaths are damaged or not visible on specimens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 27 (25 in the flora). K. K. Mackenzie (1931–1935, parts 2–3, pp. 41–53) combined sections Phaestoglochin Dumortier and Bracteosae Pax; sect. Bracteosae is now considered to be endemic to Central and South America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
1. Proximal leaf sheaths longitudinally green-and-white-striped and with prominent green cross veins, usually loose; widest leaf blade 3–10 mm wide. | → 2 |
1. Proximal leaf sheaths not or indistinctly striped, without prominent cross veins, tight; widest leaf blade 0.5–4(–5) mm wide. | → 5 |
2. Bodies of pistillate scales 2.2–4.4 × 1.2–2.4 mm, mostly more than 1/2 length of perigynia, apex acuminate to awned; anthers 1.5–3 mm. | → 3 |
2. Bodies of pistillate scales 1.5–2.5 × 1.1–1.8 mm, mostly less than 1/2 length of perigynia, apex obtuse to acuminate or shortly awned; anthers 0.7–1.3 mm. | → 4 |
3. Fronts of leaf sheaths white, hyaline, thin, and fragile at mouth, backs not white spotted. | C. gravida |
3. Fronts of leaf sheaths yellow or brown, thick, and firm at mouth, backs often white spotted. | C. aggregata |
4. Proximal internodes of inflorescences usually not more than 1 cm, usually less than 2 times as long as proximal spikes; bodies of perigynia with narrow wing not more than 0.1 mm wide. | C. cephaloidea |
4. Proximal internodes of inflorescences usually 2+ cm, at least 2 times as long as proximal spikes; bodies of perigynia with narrow wing 0.1–0.2 mm wide, at least distally. | C. sparganioides |
5. Perigynium beak margins smooth. | → 6 |
5. Perigynium beak margins serrulate. | → 9 |
6. Pistillate scales not more than 1/3–3/4 length of perigynia; bases of perigynia not longitudinally striate on adaxial face. | C. leavenworthii |
6. Pistillate scales at least 3/4 length of perigynia; bases of perigynia longitudinally striate on adaxial side. | → 7 |
7. Perigynia ascending, 1.8–2.3 mm wide; pistillate scales 1.8–2.2 mm wide; achenes 1.6–2.7 mm. | C. vallicola |
7. Perigynia spreading to reflexed when mature, 1–1.8 mm wide; pistillate scales 0.8–1.6 mm wide; achenes 1.3–1.6 mm. | → 8 |
8. Perigynia (1.2–)1.4–1.8 mm wide, 1.5–2.3 times as long as wide; widest leaf blades 1.4–3 mm wide. | C. retroflexa |
8. Perigynia 1–1.3 mm wide, 2.3–3.1 times as long as wide; widest leaf blades 1–1.7 mm wide. | C. texensis |
9. Proximal bracts at least 2 times as long as inflorescences, 6 cm or longer; perigynia 1.9–3 mm wide. | → 10 |
9. Proximal bracts shorter than to less than 2 times as long as inflorescences, to 6(–11) cm; if longer, perigynia 0.7–1.8 mm wide. | → 11 |
10. Proximal nodes of inflorescences as long as or longer than proximal spikes; perigynium beak 0.8–1.2 mm. | C. arkansana |
10. Proximal nodes of inflorescences shorter than proximal spikes; perigynium beak (1–)1.4–1.8 mm. | C. perdentata |
11. Inflorescences lax; proximal internodes more than 2 times as long as proximal spikes. | → 12 |
11. Inflorescences dense; proximal internodes less than 2 times as long as proximal spikes. | → 17 |
12. Pistillate scales (2.5–)2.7–4.5 mm; perigynia not or only slightly spongy thickened at base, not longitudinally striate. | → 13 |
12. Pistillate scales 1–2.5 mm; perigynia spongy thickened at base and longitudinally striate adaxially. | → 14 |
13. Pistillate scales hyaline or pale brown, shorter than perigynia; perigynia 1.7–2.6 mm wide. | C. divulsa |
13. Pistillate scales brown, exceeding perigynia; perigynia 1.2–1.5 mm wide. | C. hookeriana |
14. Stigmas straight, twisted or slightly coiled, 0.03–0.06 mm wide; spongy bases of perigynia 1–1.5 mm, 0.2–0.3 times length of perigynia. | → 15 |
14. Stigmas usually tightly coiled, 0.05–0.1 mm wide; spongy bases of perigynia 0.5–1.3 mm, not more than 0.2 times length of perigynia. | → 16 |
15. Perigynia 1.5–3 times as long as wide; achenes 1–1.4 mm wide, not more than 2 times as long as wide. | C. radiata |
15. Perigynia 3–5 times as long as wide; achenes 0.8–1 mm wide, 2– 2.4 times as long as wide. | C. socialis |
16. Widest leaf blades 1.8–2.6 mm wide; base of culms 1.5–2.2 mm wide. | C. rosea |
16. Widest leaf blades 0.9–1.5 mm at widest; base of culms 0.7–1.4 mm wide. | C. appalachica |
17. Bodies of pistillate scales at least as long as and wide as perigynia, largely obscuring them. | → 18 |
17. Bodies of pistillate scales shorter than perigynia and narrower; perigynia easily visible. | → 22 |
18. Pistillate scales with awn to 1–4 mm. | → 19 |
18. Pistillate scales acute or with awn to 1 mm. | → 20 |
19. Perigynia 2.2–3 mm wide, distinctly veined abaxially; achenes 1.9–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm. | C. austrina |
19. Perigynia 1.2–1.5 mm wide, veinless or obscurely veined abaxially; achenes 1.5–1.7 × 1.1–1.2 mm. | C. hookeriana |
20. Inflorescences globose or ovoid heads, 0.8–2 cm × 6–15 mm; proximal spikes not distinct. | C. hoodii |
20. Inflorescences oblong, 1.5–5 cm × 6–10 mm; proximal spikes ± distinct. | → 21 |
21. Perigynia ascending to spreading; beak 0.6–1.3 mm; pistillate scales 3.4–4 × 1.6–2 mm; proximal bracts usually shorter than spikes. | C. occidentalis |
21. Perigynia erect; beak 1.2–3 mm; pistillate scales 4–5.2 × 2–2.8 mm; proximal bracts longer than spikes, often longer than inflorescences. | C. tumulicola |
22. Bodies of pistillate scales not more than 2/3 length of perigynia; inflorescences dense, spikes individually indistinct. | → 23 |
22. Bodies of pistillate scales at least 2/3 length of perigynia; inflorescences dense or lax. | → 24 |
23. Perigynium bodies elliptic to circular, widest point at 0.4–0.55 of length of body; beak 0.7–1.1 mm, apical teeth 0.3–0.5 mm. | C. cephalophora |
23. Perigynium bodies ovate, widest point at 0.25–0.4 of length of body; beak 0.3– 0.8 mm, apical teeth 0.1–0.3 mm. | C. leavenworthii |
24. Perigynium beak obscurely toothed at apex, apical teeth not more than 0.2 mm; widest leaf blades 2 mm wide. | C. vallicola |
24. Perigynium beak distinctly toothed at apex, apical teeth mostly 0.2–0.7+ mm; widest leaf blades 2 mm wide. | → 25 |
25. Ligules 4–8 mm, distinctly longer than wide; basal scales and sheaths frequently tinged red or purple. | C. spicata |
25. Ligules not more than 4(–5) mm, as wide as or wider than long; basal scales and sheaths brown or black, without trace of red or purple. | → 26 |
26. Pistillate scales, except for midvein, dark brown. | C. muricata |
26. Pistillate scales, except for midvein, hyaline or brown brown. | → 27 |
27. Inflorescences dense, globose to ovoid heads, 1–1.5 times as long as wide, spikes not distinct. | C. mesochorea |
27. Inflorescences somewhat lax, oblong, (1.5–)2+ times as long as wide, proximal spikes ± distinct. | → 28 |
28. Perigynium beak (1–)1.4–1.8 mm, apical teeth (0.5–)1.4–1.8 mm. | C. perdentata |
28. Perigynium beak 0.2–1.5 mm, apical teeth 0.2–0.6 mm. | → 29 |
29. Perigynia yellow-green, becoming dark brown and glossy when mature, veinless or weakly 7(–11)-veined abaxially. | C. muricata |
29. Perigynia yellow or yellow-brown when mature, strongly 9–15-veined abaxially. | → 30 |
30. Pistillate scales narrower than perigynia, not more than 2 mm wide, apex acute or with awn to 1.5(–2) mm. | C. muehlenbergii |
30. Pistillate scales as wide as perigynia, widest 2+ mm wide, apex with awn to 1.5–4 mm. | C. austrina |
|
FNA vol. 23. |
FNA vol. 23. Author: Peter W. Ball. |
Cyperaceae > Carex > sect. Phaestoglochin |
Cyperaceae > Carex |
C. aboriginum, C. abrupta, C. abscondita, C. acidicola, C. acutiformis, C. adelostoma, C. adusta, C. aestivalis, C. alata, C. albicans, C. albida, C. albolutescens, C. albonigra, C. albursina, C. alma, C. alopecoidea, C. amphibola, C. amplectens, C. amplifolia, C. angustata, C. annectens, C. anthoxanthea, C. aperta, C. appalachica, C. aquatilis, C. arapahoensis, C. arcta, C. arctata, C. arctiformis, C. arenaria, C. argyrantha, C. arkansana, C. assiniboinensis, C. atherodes, C. athrostachya, C. atlantica, C. atrata, C. atratiformis, C. atrofusca, C. atrosquama, C. aurea, C. aureolensis, C. austrina, C. austrocaroliniana, C. backii, C. baileyi, C. baltzellii, C. barbarae, C. barrattii, C. basiantha, C. bebbii, C. bella, C. bicknellii, C. bicolor, C. bigelowii, C. biltmoreana, C. blanda, C. bolanderi, C. bonanzensis, C. brainerdii, C. brevicaulis, C. brevior, C. breweri, C. bromoides, C. brunnescens, C. brysonii, C. bulbostylis, C. bullata, C. bushii, C. buxbaumii, C. calcifugens, C. californica, C. canescens, C. capillaris, C. capitata, C. careyana, C. caroliniana, C. caryophyllea, C. castanea, C. cephaloidea, C. cephalophora, C. chalciolepis, C. chapmanii, C. cherokeensis, C. chihuahuensis, C. chordorrhiza, C. circinata, C. collinsii, C. communis, C. comosa, C. complanata, C. concinna, C. concinnoides, C. congdonii, C. conjuncta, C. conoidea, C. constanceana, C. cordillerana, C. corrugata, C. crawei, C. crawfordii, C. crebriflora, C. crinita, C. cristatella, C. crus-corvi, C. cryptolepis, C. cumberlandensis, C. cumulata, C. curatorum, C. cusickii, C. dasycarpa, C. davisii, C. davyi, C. debilis, C. decomposita, C. deflexa, C. densa, C. deweyana, C. diandra, C. digitalis, C. diluta, C. disperma, C. distans, C. disticha, C. divisa, C. divulsa, C. douglasii, C. duriuscula, C. ebenea, C. eburnea, C. echinata, C. edwardsiana, C. egglestonii, C. eleusinoides, C. elliottii, C. elynoides, C. emoryi, C. endlichii, C. engelmannii, C. epapillosa, C. exilis, C. exsiccata, C. extensa, C. festucacea, C. feta, C. filifolia, C. fissa, C. fissuricola, C. flacca, C. flaccosperma, C. flava, C. floridana, C. foenea, C. folliculata, C. formosa, C. fracta, C. frankii, C. fuliginosa, C. garberi, C. geophila, C. geyeri, C. gholsonii, C. gigantea, C. glacialis, C. glareosa, C. glaucescens, C. glaucodea, C. globosa, C. gmelinii, C. godfreyi, C. gracilescens, C. gracilior, C. gracillima, C. granularis, C. gravida, C. grayi, C. grisea, C. gynandra, C. gynocrates, C. gynodynama, C. halliana, C. hallii, C. harfordii, C. hassei, C. haydeniana, C. haydenii, C. heleonastes, C. helleri, C. hendersonii, C. heteroneura, C. heterostachya, C. hirsutella, C. hirta, C. hirtifolia, C. hirtissima, C. hitchcockiana, C. holostoma, C. hoodii, C. hookeriana, C. hormathodes, C. hostiana, C. houghtoniana, C. hyalina, C. hyalinolepis, C. hystericina, C. idahoa, C. illota, C. impressinervia, C. incurviformis, C. infirminervia, C. inops, C. integra, C. interior, C. interrupta, C. intumescens, C. jamesii, C. jonesii, C. joorii, C. juniperorum, C. kobomugi, C. kraliana, C. krausei, C. lachenalii, C. lacustris, C. laeviconica, C. laeviculmis, C. laevivaginata, C. lapponica, C. lasiocarpa, C. latebracteata, C. lativena, C. laxa, C. laxiculmis, C. laxiflora, C. leavenworthii, C. lemmonii, C. lenticularis, C. leporinella, C. leptalea, C. leptonervia, C. leptopoda, C. limosa, C. livida, C. loliacea, C. lonchocarpa, C. longii, C. louisianica, C. lucorum, C. lupuliformis, C. lupulina, C. lurida, C. lutea, C. luzulifolia, C. luzulina, C. lyngbyei, C. mackenziei, C. macloviana, C. macrocephala, C. macrochaeta, C. magellanica, C. manhartii, C. marina, C. mariposana, C. maritima, C. mckittrickensis, C. meadii, C. media, C. melanostachya, C. membranacea, C. mendocinensis, C. merritt-fernaldii, C. mertensii, C. mesochorea, C. michauxiana, C. microchaeta, C. microdonta, C. microglochin, C. micropoda, C. microptera, C. misera, C. missouriensis, C. mitchelliana, C. molesta, C. molestiformis, C. muehlenbergii, C. multicaulis, C. multicostata, C. muricata, C. muriculata, C. muskingumensis, C. nardina, C. nebrascensis, C. nelsonii, C. nervina, C. neurophora, C. nigra, C. nigricans, C. nigromarginata, C. normalis, C. norvegica, C. nova, C. novae-angliae, C. nudata, C. obispoensis, C. obnupta, C. obtusata, C. occidentalis, C. oklahomensis, C. oligocarpa, C. oligosperma, C. opaca, C. oreocharis, C. ormostachya, C. oronensis, C. ouachitana, C. ovalis, C. oxylepis, C. ozarkana, C. pachystachya, C. paeninsulae, C. paleacea, C. pallescens, C. panicea, C. pansa, C. parallela, C. parryana, C. pauciflora, C. paysonis, C. peckii, C. pedunculata, C. pellita, C. pelocarpa, C. pendula, C. pensylvanica, C. perdentata, C. perglobosa, C. petasata, C. petricosa, C. phaeocephala, C. picta, C. pigra, C. pityophila, C. planispicata, C. planostachys, C. plantaginea, C. platyphylla, C. pluriflora, C. podocarpa, C. polymorpha, C. praeceptorum, C. praegracilis, C. prairea, C. prasina, C. praticola, C. preslii, C. projecta, C. proposita, C. pseudocyperus, C. pumila, C. purpurifera, C. radfordii, C. radiata, C. ramenskii, C. rariflora, C. raynoldsii, C. recta, C. reniformis, C. retroflexa, C. retrorsa, C. richardsonii, C. roanensis, C. rosea, C. rossii, C. rostrata, C. rotundata, C. rufina, C. rupestris, C. ruthii, C. sabulosa, C. salina, C. sartwelliana, C. sartwellii, C. saxatilis, C. saximontana, C. scabrata, C. scabriuscula, C. schottii, C. schweinitzii, C. scirpoidea, C. scoparia, C. scopulorum, C. senta, C. seorsa, C. serpenticola, C. serratodens, C. sheldonii, C. shinnersii, C. shortiana, C. siccata, C. silicea, C. simulata, C. socialis, C. sparganioides, C. specifica, C. spectabilis, C. specuicola, C. spicata, C. spissa, C. sprengelii, C. squarrosa, C. stenoptila, C. sterilis, C. stevenii, C. stipata, C. straminea, C. straminiformis, C. striata, C. striatula, C. stricta, C. styloflexa, C. stylosa, C. subbracteata, C. suberecta, C. subfusca, C. subnigricans, C. subspathacea, C. superata, C. supina, C. swanii, C. sychnocephala, C. sylvatica, C. tahoensis, C. tenax, C. tenera, C. tenuiflora, C. tetanica, C. tetrastachya, C. texensis, C. thornei, C. thurberi, C. timida, C. tincta, C. tompkinsii, C. tonsa, C. torreyi, C. torta, C. triangularis, C. tribuloides, C. trichocarpa, C. triquetra, C. trisperma, C. tuckermanii, C. tumulicola, C. turbinata, C. turgescens, C. typhina, C. umbellata, C. unilateralis, C. ursina, C. utriculata, C. vacillans, C. vaginata, C. vallicola, C. venusta, C. vernacula, C. verrucosa, C. vesicaria, C. vestita, C. vexans, C. virescens, C. viridula, C. vulpinoidea, C. whitneyi, C. wiegandii, C. willdenowii, C. williamsii, C. woodii, C. wootonii, C. xerantica |
|
|
C. aggregata, C. appalachica, C. arkansana, C. austrina, C. cephaloidea, C. cephalophora, C. divulsa, C. gravida, C. hoodii, C. hookeriana, C. leavenworthii, C. mesochorea, C. muehlenbergii, C. muricata, C. occidentalis, C. perdentata, C. radiata, C. retroflexa, C. rosea, C. socialis, C. sparganioides, C. spicata, C. texensis, C. tumulicola, C. vallicola |
C. agglomerata, C. sparganioides var. aggregata |
|
Mackenzie: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 246. (1910) |
Dumortier: Fl. Belg., 146. (1827) |
| |