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cliff bittercress

streambank bittercress

Habit Perennials; glabrous throughout. Perennials; glabrous throughout.
Rhizomes

cylindrical, slender, 1–2 mm diam.

(relatively short), 2–3 mm diam., (covered with extensive root system).

Stems

erect or decumbent at base, unbranched, 0.6–2 dm.

erect to ascending, unbranched or branched distally, 0.9–4 dm.

Rhizomal leaves

palmately or subpalmately compound, 3 or 5 (or 7)-foliolate, 5.5–17(–22) cm, (fleshy), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 4–14(–17) cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.1–0.5 cm), blade ovate to lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 1–3 cm × 6–17 mm, base cuneate or obtuse, margins entire, (apiculate).

usually 3-foliolate, rarely simple, 1–8 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

petiole 0.5–5 cm;

lateral leaflets subsessile, often minute;

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.4–2 cm), blade orbicular to broadly ovate, 0.5–3 cm × 5–25 mm, base rounded, margins entire, repand, or dentate.

Cauline leaves

2 or 3, 3 or 5-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole 0.7–4(–8) cm, base not auriculate;

lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller;

terminal leaflet petiolulate (0.1–0.5 cm), blade elliptic to oblong, or ovate, 1.2–3.5 cm × 4–25 mm, margins entire.

5–10, petiolate;

middle leaves often simple, petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, blade rhombic to suborbicular or ovate, 1–3.5 cm × 6–22 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, margins entire, repand, or dentate;

distal ones with shorter petiole, blade smaller.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 3–5 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals white, obovate, 8–14 × 4–7 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded or subemarginate);

filaments: median pairs 4–5 mm, lateral pair 2.5–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 1–1.2 mm.

sepals (ascending), oblong, 1.5–2.2 × 0.7–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals (somewhat spreading), white, oblanceolate, 3.5–5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 2.5–3 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm;

anthers ovate, ca. 0.2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to divaricate, 6–18 mm.

divaricate, 9–17 mm.

Fruits

linear, 2–4 cm × 1.5–2.2 mm;

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

style 1–5 mm.

linear, 0.8–1.6 cm × 0.8–1 mm;

ovules 16–22 per ovary;

style 1.2–1.8 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm.

brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

Cardamine rupicola

Cardamine micranthera

Phenology Flowering Jul–Aug. Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Limestone talus slopes, loose limey shale, moist banks Wet grounds along streams, seepage, gravelly sandbars, moist crevices
Elevation 2200-2700 m (7200-8900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
MT
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cardamine rupicola is known from Flathead, Lewis and Clarke, and Missoula counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Cardamine micranthera is known only from Stokes County. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 483. FNA vol. 7, p. 477.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. californica var. rupicola, Dentaria rupicola
Name authority (O. E. Schulz) C. L. Hitchcock: in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 2: 474. (1964) Rollins: Castanea 5: 87. (1940)
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