Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine oligosperma |
|
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purple bittercress |
alpine bitter-cress, few-seed bitter-cress, Idaho bittercress, little western bitter-cress, Siberian bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; (often cespitose); hirsute. | Annuals or biennials; usually sparsely hirsute (at least proximally), rarely glabrous. |
Rhizomes | vertical, 1–3 mm diam., (not fleshy). |
absent. |
Stems | (simple or few to several from base), usually erect, unbranched, (0.3–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) dm. |
(simple or few from base), erect to ascending, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5–)0.8–3.2(–4.1) dm, usually pubescent throughout or proximally, rarely glabrous. |
Basal leaves | sometimes rosulate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate, rarely simple, (1.5–)2.5–7 cm, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (1.2–)2–5 cm; lateral lobes or leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, distinctly smaller; terminal lobe or leaflet petiolulate (0.05–0.6 cm), blade reniform or suborbicular to broadly ovate, 0.3–1 cm × 4–15 mm, base subcordate to rounded, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 2-toothed. |
(persistent to anthesis), rosulate, pinnately compound, 5–9(–13)-foliolate, 2–8.5(–11) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 1–6 cm; lateral leaflets petiolulate or subsessile, blade obovate to oblanceolate, smaller than terminal, margins entire or crenate; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.1–0.7 cm), blade usually orbicular to ovate, rarely oblong, 0.4–1.5(–2.3) cm × 3–10(–13) mm, base cordate to rounded, margins entire, or crenate-dentate to obscurely 3 or 5-lobed, (surfaces often hirsute, sometimes glabrous). |
Cauline leaves | 1–3, usually compound, rarely simple, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (0.2–)0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; similar to basal, smaller. |
3–8, pinnately compound, similar to basal, smaller and fewer distally, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 1.4–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, 5–7(–9) × 3–4(–5) mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.3–1.8(–2) × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.9–1.5 mm (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 1.7–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1.2–2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | suberect, ascending, or divaricate, 5–12 mm, pubescent. |
divaricate-ascending, (2–)3–9(–12) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1.5–1.8 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1–2.5 mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.3–)1.6–2.8 cm × 1–1.7 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 16–36(–42) per ovary; style 0.4–1(–1.5) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.1 × 1.4–1.7 mm. |
brown, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 96. |
= 16. |
Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine oligosperma |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist tundra, damp woods and ravines, alpine turf, river flats, peaty subarctic meadows, streamsides, moist slopes | Stream banks, shady banks, creek bottoms, lakeshores, meadows, moist areas, wooded slopes |
Elevation | 600-1800 m (2000-5900 ft) | 50-3300 m (200-10800 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 479. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. purpurea var. albiflora, C. purpurea var. albiflos, C. purpurea var. lactiflora | C. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. acuminata, C. hirsuta var. bracteata, C. hirsuta subsp. oligosperma, C. hirsuta var. parviflora, C. oligosperma var. bracteata, C. oligosperma var. lucens, C. oligosperma var. unijuga, C. unijuga |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 20. (1826) | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 85. (1838) |
Web links |
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