Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine douglassii |
|
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purple bittercress |
limestone bittercress, pink bitter-cress |
|
Habit | Perennials; (often cespitose); hirsute. | Perennials; hirsute throughout or glabrous proximally. |
Rhizomes | vertical, 1–3 mm diam., (not fleshy). |
(tuberous at stem base), subglobose, (lobed or not), (3–)4–10 mm diam., (fleshy). |
Stems | (simple or few to several from base), usually erect, unbranched, (0.3–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (0.7–)1–2.5(–3) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, or glabrous basally, (trichomes (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm). |
Basal leaves | sometimes rosulate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate, rarely simple, (1.5–)2.5–7 cm, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (1.2–)2–5 cm; lateral lobes or leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, distinctly smaller; terminal lobe or leaflet petiolulate (0.05–0.6 cm), blade reniform or suborbicular to broadly ovate, 0.3–1 cm × 4–15 mm, base subcordate to rounded, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 2-toothed. |
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Rhizomal leaves | simple, (3–)5–15(–18) cm; petiole (2–)4–12(–16) cm; blade often orbicular to cordate, sometimes reniform or ovate, (1–)2–6 cm × (7–)17–50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins repand or entire. |
|
Cauline leaves | 1–3, usually compound, rarely simple, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (0.2–)0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; similar to basal, smaller. |
3–6(–8), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle) shortly petiolate or (distal) sessile, base not auriculate; blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 2–5 cm × 5–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 1.4–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, 5–7(–9) × 3–4(–5) mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (surfaces often hirsute); petals usually rose-purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, (7–)8–13(–15) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm; anthers oblong, 1.3–1.7 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | suberect, ascending, or divaricate, 5–12 mm, pubescent. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–35(–50) mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1.5–1.8 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1–2.5 mm. |
linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.1 × 1.4–1.7 mm. |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.5 × 1–5 mm. |
2n | = 96. |
= 56, 64, 96, 112, 144. |
Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine douglassii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Moist tundra, damp woods and ravines, alpine turf, river flats, peaty subarctic meadows, streamsides, moist slopes | Rich woods, bluffs, mesic bottomland forests, rocky hillsides, floodplains, seepage of bogs, springy areas |
Elevation | 600-1800 m (2000-5900 ft) | 50-400 m (200-1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
AL; CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 473. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. purpurea var. albiflora, C. purpurea var. albiflos, C. purpurea var. lactiflora | Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea, Dentaria douglassii, Dracamine purpurea, Thlaspi tuberosum |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 20. (1826) | Britton: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 8. (1889) |
Web links |