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purple bittercress

limestone bittercress, pink bitter-cress

Habit Perennials; (often cespitose); hirsute. Perennials; hirsute throughout or glabrous proximally.
Rhizomes

vertical, 1–3 mm diam., (not fleshy).

(tuberous at stem base), subglobose, (lobed or not), (3–)4–10 mm diam., (fleshy).

Stems

(simple or few to several from base), usually erect, unbranched, (0.3–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) dm.

erect, unbranched, (0.7–)1–2.5(–3) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, or glabrous basally, (trichomes (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm).

Basal leaves

sometimes rosulate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate, rarely simple, (1.5–)2.5–7 cm, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole (1.2–)2–5 cm;

lateral lobes or leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, distinctly smaller;

terminal lobe or leaflet petiolulate (0.05–0.6 cm), blade reniform or suborbicular to broadly ovate, 0.3–1 cm × 4–15 mm, base subcordate to rounded, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 2-toothed.

Rhizomal leaves

simple, (3–)5–15(–18) cm;

petiole (2–)4–12(–16) cm;

blade often orbicular to cordate, sometimes reniform or ovate, (1–)2–6 cm × (7–)17–50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins repand or entire.

Cauline leaves

1–3, usually compound, rarely simple, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile;

petiole (0.2–)0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate;

similar to basal, smaller.

3–6(–8), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle) shortly petiolate or (distal) sessile, base not auriculate;

blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 2–5 cm × 5–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 1.4–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals usually purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, 5–7(–9) × 3–4(–5) mm, (clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.6–0.9 mm.

sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (surfaces often hirsute);

petals usually rose-purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, (7–)8–13(–15) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm;

anthers oblong, 1.3–1.7 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

suberect, ascending, or divaricate, 5–12 mm, pubescent.

ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–35(–50) mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous.

Fruits

linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1.5–1.8 mm;

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

style 1–2.5 mm.

linear, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

ovules 10–16 per ovary;

style 2–5 mm.

Seeds

brown, oblong to broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.1 × 1.4–1.7 mm.

brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.5 × 1–5 mm.

2n

= 96.

= 56, 64, 96, 112, 144.

Cardamine purpurea

Cardamine douglassii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Moist tundra, damp woods and ravines, alpine turf, river flats, peaty subarctic meadows, streamsides, moist slopes Rich woods, bluffs, mesic bottomland forests, rocky hillsides, floodplains, seepage of bogs, springy areas
Elevation 600-1800 m (2000-5900 ft) 50-400 m (200-1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 483. FNA vol. 7, p. 473.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. pachystigma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Synonyms C. purpurea var. albiflora, C. purpurea var. albiflos, C. purpurea var. lactiflora Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea, Dentaria douglassii, Dracamine purpurea, Thlaspi tuberosum
Name authority Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 20. (1826) Britton: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 8. (1889)
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