Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
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purple bittercress |
broadleaf toothwort, crinkleroot, two-leaf toothwort |
|
Habit | Perennials; (often cespitose); hirsute. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | vertical, 1–3 mm diam., (not fleshy). |
(unsegmented), cylindrical, 2–10 mm diam., (somewhat uniform, fleshy, not fragile, with dentate leaf scars). |
Stems | (simple or few to several from base), usually erect, unbranched, (0.3–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (1.2–)1.5–3.5(–4) dm, rarely sparsely pubescent distally. |
Basal leaves | sometimes rosulate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate, rarely simple, (1.5–)2.5–7 cm, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (1.2–)2–5 cm; lateral lobes or leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, distinctly smaller; terminal lobe or leaflet petiolulate (0.05–0.6 cm), blade reniform or suborbicular to broadly ovate, 0.3–1 cm × 4–15 mm, base subcordate to rounded, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 2-toothed. |
|
Rhizomal leaves | 3-foliolate, (5.5–)8–22(–26) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)4.5–16(–20) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base sometimes oblique; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.5–1.2 cm), blade ovate-elliptic to broadly ovate, (2–)3.5–8(–10) cm × (5–)20–65(–80) mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely crenate or dentate, (surfaces puberulent, trichomes to 0.1 mm). |
|
Cauline leaves | 1–3, usually compound, rarely simple, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (0.2–)0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; similar to basal, smaller. |
2 (or 3) [(sub)opposite], 3-foliolate, (similar to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1–)2–4.5 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade broadly elliptic to ovate, (2–)4–8(–10) cm × 10–50 mm, margins coarsely dentate or crenate, (margins minutely puberulent). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 1.4–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, 5–7(–9) × 3–4(–5) mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
sepals oblong, (4–)5–8 × 2–3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white or pink to purple, obovate to oblanceolate, (7–)9–15(–17) × (3–)4–7 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–8 mm, lateral pair 3.5–6 mm; anthers linear to oblong, 2.5–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | suberect, ascending, or divaricate, 5–12 mm, pubescent. |
ascending to divaricate, (10–)15–30(–36) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1.5–1.8 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1–2.5 mm. |
linear-lanceolate, 1.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–8(–10) mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.1 × 1.4–1.7 mm. |
(rarely produced) brown, oblong, 2–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm (cotyledons incumbent). |
2n | = 96. |
= 96. |
Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist tundra, damp woods and ravines, alpine turf, river flats, peaty subarctic meadows, streamsides, moist slopes | Wooded bottoms and ravines, cliffs, bluffs, ledges, shaded slopes, meadows, moist fields, alluvial banks, rich woods |
Elevation | 600-1800 m (2000-5900 ft) | 50-1300 m (200-4300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
AL; AR; CT; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 472. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. purpurea var. albiflora, C. purpurea var. albiflos, C. purpurea var. lactiflora | Dentaria diphylla, Dentaria bifolia, Dentaria incisa |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 20. (1826) | (Michaux) Alph. Wood: Amer. Bot. Fl., 37. (1870) |
Web links |