Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine angulata |
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purple bittercress |
angle bitter-cress, angle-leaf bitter-cress, seaside bitter-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; (often cespitose); hirsute. | Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | vertical, 1–3 mm diam., (not fleshy). |
cylindrical, slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | (simple or few to several from base), usually erect, unbranched, (0.3–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) dm. |
erect, unbranched, (1.5–)2.5–8.5(–10) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute at base. |
Basal leaves | sometimes rosulate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate, rarely simple, (1.5–)2.5–7 cm, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (1.2–)2–5 cm; lateral lobes or leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, distinctly smaller; terminal lobe or leaflet petiolulate (0.05–0.6 cm), blade reniform or suborbicular to broadly ovate, 0.3–1 cm × 4–15 mm, base subcordate to rounded, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 2-toothed. |
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Rhizomal leaves | 3 (or 5)-foliolate, (4–)7–20(–22) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (2–)4–12(–14) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile, blade similar to terminal, larger or smaller in size; terminal leaflet petiolulate [(0.3–)0.5–1.5 cm], blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1.5–7(–9) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subreniform or obtuse, margins 3–5(–7)-lobed or -toothed, surfaces puberulent. |
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Cauline leaves | 1–3, usually compound, rarely simple, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (0.2–)0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; similar to basal, smaller. |
(3 or) 4–8, 3 (or 5)-foliolate, petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 1–4 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 cm × 6–40 mm, margins minutely pubescent. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2–3(–4) × 1.4–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, 5–7(–9) × 3–4(–5) mm, (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 2.5–3.5 mm, lateral pair 1.5–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely pinkish, obovate, 8–15 × 4–8 mm (clawed, apex rounded or emarginate); filaments: median pairs 3.5–6 mm, lateral pair 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | suberect, ascending, or divaricate, 5–12 mm, pubescent. |
ascending to divaricate, (9–)12–25 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 1.5–2.5 cm × 1.5–1.8 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 1–2.5 mm. |
linear, 1.5–3.2 cm × 1.4–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style (0.5–)1–4 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.1 × 1.4–1.7 mm. |
dark brown, oblong, 1.8–2.3 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 96. |
= 40. |
Cardamine purpurea |
Cardamine angulata |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist tundra, damp woods and ravines, alpine turf, river flats, peaty subarctic meadows, streamsides, moist slopes | Moist ground, stream banks, swampy or damp woods, thickets, wet meadows |
Elevation | 600-1800 m (2000-5900 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East) |
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. purpurea var. albiflora, C. purpurea var. albiflos, C. purpurea var. lactiflora | C. angulata var. alba, C. angulata var. hirsuta, C. angulata var. pentaphylla, Dentaria grandiflora |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 20. (1826) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 44. (1829) |
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