Cardamine pattersonii |
Cardamine pensylvanica |
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Saddle Mountain bitter-cress |
Pennsylvania bitter-cress, pennsylvanian bitter-cress, Quaker bitter-cress |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials; (short-lived); glabrous throughout. | Annuals or biennials; sparsely hirsute basally, glabrous distally. |
Rhizomes | cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm diam. |
absent. |
Stems | (simple from base), erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched basally, 0.6–3 dm. |
(simple from base), erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched distally, (0.5–)1.5–5.5(–7) dm. |
Basal leaves | rosulate or not, 3 or 5-foliolate, 1–6 cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.4–2.5 cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, considerably smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.1–0.4 cm), blade obovate to orbicular or subcordate, 0.3–1.5(–2.0) cm × 2.5–16(–18) mm, base obtuse to rounded or cordate, margins entire or dentate to slightly sinuately lobed. |
(soon withered), not rosulate, similar to proximalmost cauline leaves, 4–15 cm. |
Cauline leaves | 2–4, 3 or 5-foliolate, blade similar to basal, gradually reduced in size as bract, distalmost ones subtending pedicels of flowers (usually simple); leaflet blade or bract linear to linear-oblanceolate, 0.2–0.8 cm. |
(3–)5–20(–35), pinnately (5 or) 7–13(–19)-foliolate, sometimes appearing pinnatisect, lobe number similar to leaflets (middle and proximal ones 2–11 cm), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate, subsessile, or sessile; petiole (0.4–)1–3.5(–4.5) cm, base not auriculate, (often sparsely hirsute); lateral leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, (decurrent on rachis smaller than terminal, distalmost blades narrower, with fewer lobes or leaflets), margins entire or crenate; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule to 1 cm), blade suborbicular, obovate to oblanceolate, or elliptic, 1.3–3(–4) cm × 6–25 mm, base often cuneate, margins entire, repand, or obscurely 3 or 5-lobed. |
Racemes | bracteate throughout. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, (2–)3 × 0.7(–1) mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals purple or pink, obovate, 6–9 × 3–4 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 3–3.5 mm, lateral pair 2–2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
sepals oblong, (1–)1.3–2.3 × 0.5–1 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate, 2–3.5(–4) × 0.8–1.5 mm, (not clawed); filaments: median pairs 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair 1–2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, (10–)15–30(–45) mm. |
divaricate-ascending, (3–)4–10(–13) mm. |
Fruits | linear, (torulose), 2–3 cm × 1–1.5 mm; ovules 14–20 per ovary; style 2–4 mm. |
linear, (torulose), (1.4–)1.7–2.7(–3.2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 0.5–1 mm. |
Seeds | brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, (winged distally). |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.7–1.1 × 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
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Cardamine pattersonii |
Cardamine pensylvanica |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist mossy cliffs, rocky slopes, mossy banks | Marshes, streams, swamps, ditches, seepage, springs, lake margins, mesic bottomland and upland forests, wet areas, ledges of sheltered bluffs, banks and shallow water of streams and spring branches, margins of crop fields, waste ground |
Elevation | 800-900 m (2600-3000 ft) | 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
OR
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AK; AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. Cardamine pattersonii is known from Saddle Mountain and Onion Peak in Clastop County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
We have not seen material of Cardamine pensylvanica from Nebraska or South Dakota; it is very likely that the species grows in these states as well. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 480. | FNA vol. 7, p. 482. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. breweri var. oregana, C. flexuosa subsp. pensylvanica, C. hirsuta var. pensylvanica, C. multifolia, C. oregana, C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana, C. rotundifolia var. diversifolia, Dracamine pensylvanica | |
Name authority | L. F. Henderson: Rhodora 32: 25. (1930) | Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 486. (1801) |
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