Cardamine pachystigma |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
|
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rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress |
American bittercress, mountain watercress |
|
Habit | Perennials; glabrous. | Perennials; glabrous throughout. |
Rhizomes | ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground). |
slender, to 2 mm diam. |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm. |
usually procumbent, sometimes erect, (not flexuous), unbranched or branched, (1–)1.5–3(–5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered), not rosulate. |
|
Rhizomal leaves | simple, 1.2–2.3 cm; petiole 6.7–19.5 cm; blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae. |
absent. |
Cauline leaves | 2–5, (crowded distally), simple; petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate; blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate. |
simple, petiolate; petiole (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–4) cm, base not auriculate; blade oblong, ovate, suborbicular, or cordate, (0.5–)1–4.5(–5.5) cm × (5–)10–40(–54) mm, base cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins entire, repand, or sinuate, (distally with shorter petiole, blade smaller). |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, 5–7(–8) × 2–3 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 3.5–4.5 mm, lateral pair 2.7–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, (6–)10–15(–20) mm. |
Fruits | linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7 mm. |
linear, (torulose), 1–1.5(–2) cm × 0.8–1.1 mm; ovules 40–80 per ovary; style 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
brown, oblong to ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Cardamine pachystigma |
Cardamine rotundifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs | Stream banks, swamps, low woodland, wet rocky areas, seepage areas |
Elevation | 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft) | 150-400 m (500-1300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
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DE; GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 480. | FNA vol. 7, p. 483. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma | Dentaria rotundifolia |
Name authority | (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. (1803) |
Web links |