Cardamine pachystigma |
Cardamine angustata |
|
---|---|---|
rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress |
slender toothwort |
|
Habit | Perennials; glabrous. | Perennials; usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. |
Rhizomes | ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground). |
(tuberiform, fragile) moniliform, segments fusiform, 3–6 mm diam. (fleshy). |
Stems | erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm. |
erect, unbranched, 1.2–3(–4) dm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Rhizomal leaves | simple, 1.2–2.3 cm; petiole 6.7–19.5 cm; blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae. |
3-foliolate, to 24 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (3–)5–12(–16) cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate (0.2–1 cm), blade similar to terminal leaflet or smaller; terminal leaflet (petiolule) (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm, blade broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, 1.5–6(–8) cm, base usually cuneate, rarely subtruncate, margins coarsely dentate to crenate or 3-lobed, surfaces puberulent or not. |
Cauline leaves | 2–5, (crowded distally), simple; petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate; blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate. |
2 (or 3), 3-foliolate (usually alternate, rarely opposite, different in morphology from rhizomal), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole 0.5–2 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller, margins usually dentate, rarely entire; terminal leaflet sessile or petiolulate, blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.3–0.6 cm, margins minutely puberulent. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 5–7.5 × 1–2 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals purple to pale pink, oblanceolate, 9–18 × 2–5 mm (clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–10 mm, lateral pair 3.5–8 mm; anthers linear, 1.5–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm. |
ascending to divaricate, 15–40 mm. |
Fruits | linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7 mm. |
linear, 2.5–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; ovules 8–12 per ovary; style (5–)7–11 mm. |
Seeds | brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
dark brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = ca. 128. |
|
Cardamine pachystigma |
Cardamine angustata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs | Moist woods, wooded ridges and bottomlands, floodplains, shady ravines, streambeds |
Elevation | 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft) | 300-1300 m (1000-4300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
|
Discussion | Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cardamine heterophylla (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (1870), not Host (1797) is an illegitimate name, sometimes found in synonymy with C. angustata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 480. | FNA vol. 7, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma | C. angustata var. ouachitana, Dentaria heterophylla |
Name authority | (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993) | O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349. (1903) |
Web links |