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rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress

Habit Perennials; glabrous. Annuals, biennials, or perennials; eglandular.
Rhizomes

ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground).

Stems

erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm.

Rhizomal leaves

simple, 1.2–2.3 cm;

petiole 6.7–19.5 cm;

blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae.

Cauline leaves

2–5, (crowded distally), simple;

petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate;

blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate.

(rarely absent), usually petiolate, sometimes sessile;

blade (simple or compound), base auriculate or not, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed.

Racemes

ebracteate.

usually ebracteate (Selenia bracteate throughout), often elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded);

filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm;

anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect to spreading or ascending, lateral pair seldom saccate basally;

petals white, yellow, pink, lilac, or purple, claw usually present, rarely absent, often distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm.

Fruits

linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm;

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

style 4–7 mm.

silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete, 4-angled, or latiseptate, rarely angustiseptate;

ovules 4–300[–numerous] per ovary;

style distinct or obsolete (absent in Subularia);

stigma usually entire.

Seeds

brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm.

biseriate or uniseriate;

cotyledons usually accumbent, sometimes incumbent.

Trichomes

absent or simple.

Cardamine pachystigma

Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae

Phenology Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs
Elevation 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Nearly worldwide
Discussion

Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 12, species ca. 335 (10 genera, 85 species in the flora).

The assignment of Subularia to Cardamineae is provisional and based solely on morphology.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 480. FNA vol. 7, p. 458.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine Brassicaceae
Sibling taxa
C. angulata, C. angustata, C. bellidifolia, C. blaisdellii, C. breweri, C. bulbosa, C. californica, C. clematitis, C. concatenata, C. constancei, C. cordifolia, C. digitata, C. diphylla, C. dissecta, C. douglassii, C. flagellifera, C. flexuosa, C. hirsuta, C. holmgrenii, C. impatiens, C. longii, C. macrocarpa, C. maxima, C. micranthera, C. microphylla, C. nuttallii, C. nymanii, C. occidentalis, C. oligosperma, C. parviflora, C. pattersonii, C. penduliflora, C. pensylvanica, C. pratensis, C. purpurea, C. rotundifolia, C. rupicola, C. umbellata
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma
Name authority (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993) Dumortier: Fl. Belg., 124. (1827)
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