Cardamine pachystigma |
Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae |
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rock toothwort, serpentine bittercress |
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Habit | Perennials; glabrous. | Annuals, biennials, or perennials; eglandular. |
Rhizomes | ovoid to oblong, (3–)4–18 mm diam., (fleshy, deeply underground). |
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Stems | erect, unbranched, 1–3 dm. |
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Rhizomal leaves | simple, 1.2–2.3 cm; petiole 6.7–19.5 cm; blade orbicular to reniform, or cordate to broadly ovate, 2.7–5.5 cm × 30–68 mm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins with obtuse teeth terminating in apiculae. |
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Cauline leaves | 2–5, (crowded distally), simple; petiole 0.3–2.6 cm, base not auriculate; blade similar to basal, 1.8–5.5 cm × 12–47mm, base cuneate or obtuse to subcordate, marginal teeth apiculate. |
(rarely absent), usually petiolate, sometimes sessile; blade (simple or compound), base auriculate or not, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed. |
Racemes | ebracteate. |
usually ebracteate (Selenia bracteate throughout), often elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 4–7 × 2–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually pink or purple, rarely white, obovate to oblanceolate, 14–18 × 5–7 mm, (claw to 9 mm, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 7–8 mm, lateral pair 5.5–6.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. |
actinomorphic; sepals erect to spreading or ascending, lateral pair seldom saccate basally; petals white, yellow, pink, lilac, or purple, claw usually present, rarely absent, often distinct; filaments unappendaged, not winged; pollen 3-colpate. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, 7–24 mm. |
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Fruits | linear, 3.2–5.4 cm × 2.2–4 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 4–7 mm. |
silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete, 4-angled, or latiseptate, rarely angustiseptate; ovules 4–300[–numerous] per ovary; style distinct or obsolete (absent in Subularia); stigma usually entire. |
Seeds | brown, broadly ovoid, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
biseriate or uniseriate; cotyledons usually accumbent, sometimes incumbent. |
Trichomes | absent or simple. |
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Cardamine pachystigma |
Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |
Habitat | Forests, lava slides, talus, cliffs | |
Elevation | 700-2900 m (2300-9500 ft) | |
Distribution |
CA
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Nearly worldwide |
Discussion | Cardamine pachystigma is known from the disjunct counties of Plumas, Tehama, and Tulare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 12, species ca. 335 (10 genera, 85 species in the flora). The assignment of Subularia to Cardamineae is provisional and based solely on morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 480. | FNA vol. 7, p. 458. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Cardamine | Brassicaceae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Dentaria californica var. pachystigma, C. californica var. pachystigma, Dentaria corymbosa var. grata, Dentaria pachystigma | |
Name authority | (S. Watson) Rollins: Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(4): 45. (1993) | Dumortier: Fl. Belg., 124. (1827) |
Web links |